GHS

Exclamation Mark Pictogram

Harmful or irritating e.g to eye or skin

Acute effects but NOT SEVERE

Includes skin sensitization, skin or eye irritants

Toxic has a different pictogram, in other words it’s least toxic in a category but still harmful or irritating

Skull with cross bones pictogram

Severe life threatening acute toxicity of a chemical. Highest level of danger

Star in chest pictorgram

Health Hazard over time, chronic long term

Carcinogen, mutagen, reproductive toxicity, respiratory sensitiser, target organ toxicity, aspiration toxicity

SKIN SENSITIZER - EXCLAMATION MARK!

OZONE LAYER- EXCLAMATION MARK!

Flame over circle

Oxidiser

enhances combustion by yielding oxygen.

HELPS IGNITE OTHER SUBSTANCES THAT OTHERWISE WOULDNT COMBUST BUT MAKES FIRES BURN HOTTER FOR LONGER

Examples include Hydrogen Peroxide, Chlorine, Bromine, and Nitrogen Oxide.

EXPLOSIVE SYMBOL

UNSTABLE, CAN CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSION

FLAMMABLE SYMBOL

IT RELEASES A FLAMMABLE GAS

OR CAN SELF IGNITE IF EXPOSED TO AIR OR WATER

COMPRESSED GAS

GASES STORED UNDER PRESSURE

ENVIROMENTAL HAZARD SYMBOL

TOXIC TO AQUATIC WILDLIFE - NOT ONLY FISH

PYROPHORIC SUBSTANCE

SOLID OR LIQUID WHICH IS ABLE TO IGNITE WITHIN 5 MINUTES OF COMING INTO CONTACT WITH AIR

PYROPHORIC SOLID

WHITE PHOSPHORUS

SUPER FINE METAL POWDERS LEAD, NICKEL

URANIUM IV OXIDE

FLAMMABILITY

EASE WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE BURNS IN PRESENCE OF IGNITION SOURCE

CAUSES OR CONTRIBUTES TO FIRE

THROUGH FRICTION IN CASE OF SOLIDS

LIQUIDS HAVE A FLASH POINT NOT MORE THAN 93 DEGREES OR INITIAL BOILING POINT

FLAMMABLE LIQUID

BENZENE, ACETONE, ETHANOL

AEROSOL

DISPENSERS OR RECEPTICLE IN WHICH GASES ARE COMPRESSED, LIQUIDIFIED OR DISSOLVED UNDER PRESSURE. RELEASE VIA A PRESSURE VALVE. SOLID OR LIQUID PARTICLES SUSPENDED IN AIR. CAN COME OUT AS A GAS, PASTE, FOAM, POWDER, SOLID OR LIQUID PHASE

FLAMMABLE GASES

ABLE TO IGNITE IN AIR AND ARE CHEMICALLY UNSTABLE

INCLUDES:

PYROPHORIC GASES - IGNITE AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 54 DEGREES

CHEMICALLY UNSTABLE GASES REACT EXPLOSIVELY IN ABSENCE OF AIR OR OXYGEN

ORGANIC PEROXIDE

BIVALENT O-O STRUCTURE

HYDROGEN ATOMS REPLACED WITH ORGANIC RADICALS

UNSTABLE, EXPLOSIVE AND FLAMMABLE.

TYPE A FORBIDDEN FOR TRANSPORT

EXAMPLES OF OXIDISING SOLIDS

ATES, ITES, IDES

NITRATES,NITRITES,CHROMATES,PEROXIDES, PERCHOLRATES

This substance or mixture differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time (hours or days)

SELF-HEATING E.G ETHOXIDES

SELF REACTIVE SUBSTANCE

UNSTABLE SUBSTANCES THAT REACT VIOLENTLY EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF AIR OR OXYGEN. EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

PURPOSE OF GHS

“CONSISTENCY” “STANDARDISATION”

PROVIDES CONSISTENT INFORMATION ON CHEMICAL HAZARDS

STANDARDISES CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING

Facilitates INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Reduces ANIMAL TESTING

ACUTE TOXICITY (SKULL CROSSBONES)

LETHAL OR SEVERE ADVERSE EFFECTS

SHORT OR SINGLE EXPOSURE

ORAL, DERMAL, INHALATION ROUTE

BASED ON LD50 OR LC 50

RESPIRATORY SENSITISATION

HYPERSENSITIVITY OF AIRWAYS FOLLOWING INHALATION OF A SUBSTANCE

RESPIRATORY SENSITISERS HAVE EVIDENCE FROM HUMAN AND/OR ANIMAL STUDIES

CATEGORY 1/ HEALTH HAZARD/DANGER/ ASTHMA OR BREATHING DIFFICULTY

SKIN SENSITISER

ALLERGIC RESPONSE AFTER SKIN CONTACT WITH SUBSTANCE

CATEGORY 1/ EXCLAMATION/WARNING

SENSITISATION

PROCESS BY WHICH AN EXAGERATED IMMUNE RESPONSE DEVELOPS AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES TO AN ANTIGEN

SENSITISATION PHASE - INDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

ELICITATION PHASE - PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY OR CELL MEDIATED ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN A SENSITISED INDIVIDUAL

TYPE IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

DELAYED HYPERSENTIVITY - 24 TO 48 HOURS T CELL MEDIATED - CD 4 HELPER CELLS AND CD 8 CYTOTOXIC CELLS

MACROPHAGES PRESNT ANTIGEN TO T CELLS SENSITISING THEM, IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

CYTOKINES(INTERFERON GAMMA AND TNF) RECRUIT MACROPHAGES AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CELLS CAUSE LOCAL TISSUE DAMAGE AND INFLAMMATION

CONTACT DERMATITIS : NICKEL, POISON IVY; TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST, CHRONIC TRANSPLANT REJECTION

EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL

HARMFUL ACUTE EFFECTS/TOXICITY BUT NOT AS SEVERE AS SKULL AND BONES

SKIN,EYE OR RESPIRATORY IRRITATION

SKIN SENSITISER

AFFECTS OZONE LAYER

6 elements of GHS label

Product identifier, supplier idenfier

Pictograms

Words : signal words

Statements: hazard and precautionary

EXAMPLES OF HAZARD STATEMENTS

TOXIC IF INHALED

MAY DAMAGE UNBORN FETUS

REPEATED OR MULTIPLE EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE ORGAN DAMAGE