General Psychology - Final Exam Study Guide

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Flashcards for General Psychology exam review.

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50 Terms

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Which perspective focuses on identifying and measuring aspects of personality?

Trait perspective

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What perspective indicates that personality develops from childhood experiences conflict within the unconscious?

Psychodynamic perspective

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Which perspective believes that personality is learned?

Behavioral perspective

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Which perspective believes that personality development is a journey toward self-actualization?

Humanistic perspective

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Galen considers what type of person to be passionate and ambitious?

Choleric

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What were the names of Wundt’s two major axes that personality could be achieved by using?

Emotional/non-emotional and changeable/unchangeable

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What is an example of Freudian slip?

Saying one thing but meaning another, like calling your teacher “mom”

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What is an example of regression defense mechanism?

Reverting to earlier behavior, like a child wetting the bed again

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What is an example of projection defense mechanism?

Attributing your feelings to someone else, like accusing others of being angry when you are

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What is an example of rationalization defense mechanism?

Making excuses, like saying “I failed because the test was unfair”

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What is an example of repression defense mechanism?

Forgetting a traumatic event

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According to Freud, which stage of psychosexual development is an adult in if they overeat?

Oral stage

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What happens in the genital stage of psychosexual development?

Mature sexual interests emerge

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What happens in Horney’s moving against people coping strategy?

Aggression and manipulation to deal with anxiety

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What is the main difference between Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians focus more on social and cultural factors

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What is the main idea of Erik Erikson’s theory?

Personality develops through resolving social conflicts across lifespan

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What best serves the goal of self-realization?

Self-concept and self-esteem alignment

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What does behavior refer to in social-cognitive theory?

Observable actions influenced by cognitive and social factors

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What does Maslow consider to be the highest need?

Self-actualization

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Rogers believes a healthy personality would result from congruence between what?

Real self and ideal self

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What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Twins Study?

Genetic influence on personality is significant

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What is selective migration?

People move to areas compatible with their traits

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What did Rotter propose are the beliefs about the power we have in our lives?

Locus of control

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Who founded individual psychology?

Alfred Adler

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What is Walter Mischel known for doing?

Personality-situation debate

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What is PTSD and what would symptoms of a vet have if they were diagnosed with PTSD?

PTSD is a trauma disorder; symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety

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What is a phobia?

Intense fear of a specific object or situation

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What are the symptoms of someone who is diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behavior

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What type of disorder is bipolar and depression?

Mood disorders

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What is the definition of a psychological disorder?

Condition with significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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What is the official name of the DSM?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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What is the co-occurrence of two disorders?

Comorbidity

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Which perspective is linked to black magic or evil spirits?

Supernatural perspective

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Which perspective is linked to genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities?

Biological perspective

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What situation would someone who is diagnosed with agoraphobia be terribly afraid of?

Situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable

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What are the symptoms of someone diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Obsessions and compulsions

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What is an example of a compulsion?

Repeated hand washing

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What kind of depression is linked to the “winter blues”?

Seasonal affective disorder

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Which disorder vacillates between depression and mania?

Bipolar disorder

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Which disorder is becoming split off or separated from oneself?

Dissociative disorder

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What are symptoms of someone who has been diagnosed with ADHD?

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

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What are symptoms of someone who has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder?

Difficulty with communication, repetitive behaviors

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Deficits in communication, social interactions, and repetitive behavior are linked to which disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder

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What is harmful dysfunction?

Mental mechanisms fail in their function, causing harm

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What is specific phobia?

Intense fear of a specific object or situation

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What is generalized anxiety disorder?

Excessive worry across various situations

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What is social anxiety disorder?

Fear of being judged or embarrassed

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What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance

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What is hoarding disorder?

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions

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What is a manic episode?

Period of abnormally elevated mood and energy