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Flashcards for General Psychology exam review.
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Which perspective focuses on identifying and measuring aspects of personality?
Trait perspective
What perspective indicates that personality develops from childhood experiences conflict within the unconscious?
Psychodynamic perspective
Which perspective believes that personality is learned?
Behavioral perspective
Which perspective believes that personality development is a journey toward self-actualization?
Humanistic perspective
Galen considers what type of person to be passionate and ambitious?
Choleric
What were the names of Wundt’s two major axes that personality could be achieved by using?
Emotional/non-emotional and changeable/unchangeable
What is an example of Freudian slip?
Saying one thing but meaning another, like calling your teacher “mom”
What is an example of regression defense mechanism?
Reverting to earlier behavior, like a child wetting the bed again
What is an example of projection defense mechanism?
Attributing your feelings to someone else, like accusing others of being angry when you are
What is an example of rationalization defense mechanism?
Making excuses, like saying “I failed because the test was unfair”
What is an example of repression defense mechanism?
Forgetting a traumatic event
According to Freud, which stage of psychosexual development is an adult in if they overeat?
Oral stage
What happens in the genital stage of psychosexual development?
Mature sexual interests emerge
What happens in Horney’s moving against people coping strategy?
Aggression and manipulation to deal with anxiety
What is the main difference between Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians focus more on social and cultural factors
What is the main idea of Erik Erikson’s theory?
Personality develops through resolving social conflicts across lifespan
What best serves the goal of self-realization?
Self-concept and self-esteem alignment
What does behavior refer to in social-cognitive theory?
Observable actions influenced by cognitive and social factors
What does Maslow consider to be the highest need?
Self-actualization
Rogers believes a healthy personality would result from congruence between what?
Real self and ideal self
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Twins Study?
Genetic influence on personality is significant
What is selective migration?
People move to areas compatible with their traits
What did Rotter propose are the beliefs about the power we have in our lives?
Locus of control
Who founded individual psychology?
Alfred Adler
What is Walter Mischel known for doing?
Personality-situation debate
What is PTSD and what would symptoms of a vet have if they were diagnosed with PTSD?
PTSD is a trauma disorder; symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety
What is a phobia?
Intense fear of a specific object or situation
What are the symptoms of someone who is diagnosed with schizophrenia?
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behavior
What type of disorder is bipolar and depression?
Mood disorders
What is the definition of a psychological disorder?
Condition with significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
What is the official name of the DSM?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What is the co-occurrence of two disorders?
Comorbidity
Which perspective is linked to black magic or evil spirits?
Supernatural perspective
Which perspective is linked to genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities?
Biological perspective
What situation would someone who is diagnosed with agoraphobia be terribly afraid of?
Situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable
What are the symptoms of someone diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Obsessions and compulsions
What is an example of a compulsion?
Repeated hand washing
What kind of depression is linked to the “winter blues”?
Seasonal affective disorder
Which disorder vacillates between depression and mania?
Bipolar disorder
Which disorder is becoming split off or separated from oneself?
Dissociative disorder
What are symptoms of someone who has been diagnosed with ADHD?
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
What are symptoms of someone who has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder?
Difficulty with communication, repetitive behaviors
Deficits in communication, social interactions, and repetitive behavior are linked to which disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder
What is harmful dysfunction?
Mental mechanisms fail in their function, causing harm
What is specific phobia?
Intense fear of a specific object or situation
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Excessive worry across various situations
What is social anxiety disorder?
Fear of being judged or embarrassed
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance
What is hoarding disorder?
Persistent difficulty discarding possessions
What is a manic episode?
Period of abnormally elevated mood and energy