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While guarding, if you notice a person swimming full lengths of the pool underwater, what should you do?
Immediately stop and explain dangers of activity
2 Lifeguards are on watch, you are a guard on break. If the EAP is activated for a passive submerged victim, what steps should you take to assist in the rescue?
Bring the spinal board to the lifeguard and help remove the victim from the water as the other lifeguard watches and clears the water
After extricating a conscious suspected spinal victim from the water, what do you do for the victim?
Cover the victim, reassure them, watch and care for signs of shock and perform secondary assessment
If a person comes up to you claiming they hit their head when they fell on the pool deck and you notice blood and fluids coming from his ear coupled with a dizzy feeling. What should you do?
Provide manual stabilization until other staff arrives with a spinal board and you can backboard the victim
Effective scanning of the pool is demonstrated when a lifeguard looks at what part(s) of the water?
surface, bottom and middle of the pool water
Effective scanning also means WHAT as you scan?
Head and eyes
What is the term used when multiple Lifeguard sanctions are set up to reduce the number of patrons watched by each Lifeguard?
ZONE COVERAGE
When do you move a conscious victim you suspect of a head, neck or spine injury?
You DO NOT unless the scene becomes unsafe
If THREE LIFEGUARDS are on duty, emergency back-up coverage takes place when?
When one of the Lifeguard's enter the water for a rescue
If a lifeguard fails to assess a person they see, hear or are told, were injured...,the Lifeguard may be guilty of what?
BEING NEGLIGENT
What is the best technique available to minimize movement for a head, neck, or spine victim, at the surface in less than 3 feet deep water?
Head splint technique
During a weather-related power failure at a facility, Staff should do what?
Clear everyone from the pool
What are the mandatory pieces of equipment readily available to a Lifeguard?
Gloves, rescue tube, 1st aid kit, breathing barrier/rescue mask, AED, Backboard
The sequence of (recognizing a distressed swimmer, rescuing an active victim, informing management and speaking with a witness) are all part of what?
EAP (Emergency Action Plan)
What is total coverage?
When only 1 lifeguard is assigned to watch the water
If you MUST leave an unconscious but breathing victim, with a suspected head, neck or spine injury, what should you do before leaving?
H.A.I.N.E.S Position
After diving into the shallow end of the pool, a patron has blood in the ears and or the nose, what do you suspect?
a head, neck or spinal injury
MSDS information within the hazard communication standard contains what information?
What type of chemicals are used in your facility
Creating/Reviewing policy and procedures, addressing unsafe conditions and training staff are the primary responsibilities of whom?
Facility Management
What is the proper order for securing straps during a spine boarding procedure?
Upper chest, hips, thighs (then the head chucks)
What are the major concerns for a safe 'group visit' to a pool?
Knowing how to identify group leaders/chaperones, having appropriate # of lifeguards to cover all the zones, and ensure patrons stay in the areas of the pool appropriate for their swimming ability
If a swimmer slips under the water and doesn't resurface, what type of situation do you probably have?
A passive victim in need of help
What are the primary responsibilities of a lifeguard?
Ensure Patron safety and protect lives
When scanning and you notice a victim in the water, what are the steps you must follow in the proper order?
Activate EAP, Enter Water, Perform rescue, get victim to exit point in water, remove from water, provide care as needed and then document incident
What is different in a Deep Water Spinal from a Shallow Water Spinal?
Almost same unless victim is submerged, minimize movement of the head using head splint, get victim on board (a second tube is suggested), rest is same
Explain "Duty to Act, RID Factor, Emergency Back Up Coverage" is?
Duty to act is a legal obligation to rescue or help any person in a dangerous situation, RID is failure to recognize emergency, intrusion of non-lifeguard duties on a lifeguards primary lifeguard duties, distraction are that factors increase chances of drowning situations, Emergency back up coverage is when another Lifeguard scans your area or more of the pool so said lifeguard and assist in a rescue
If a lifeguard can no longer see some of the patrons on one side because of a glare, what option does he have to maintain effective scanning?
Adjust his position slightly to remove the glare or begin a walking scan of area, if that still doesn't work, properly contact manager and inform management of situation and advise to close off that area
After blowing your whistle at a patron for a rule infraction, what do you do now to enforce the rules and regulations?
Explain what can happen to them and consequences of their actions
What is the proper in-line stabilization technique?
Head Splint
One of the primary responsibilities of a lifeguard is to work with "whom" as a part of their team?
Other lifeguards, facility staff and supervisors
What "high risk aquatic injury" rarely happens in deep water of a properly supervised facility?
A head, neck or spinal injury
What requires water treatment, temporary pool closure and immediate lifeguard attention?
AFR or accidental fecal releases
What is the best way to protect yourself from possible Bloodborne Pathoge Transmission when providing care?
Using PPE (personal protective equipment)
How would you best care for a victim having an asthma attack who doesn't have an inhaler with them?
Call 911 and place victim in comfy breathing position
After getting consent and with the victim's level of air diminishing, how do you best provide care for this conscious victim?
5 back blows, 5 ab thrusts, repeat
If you find an unconscious adult victim that is not breathing but has a pulse, with no severe bleeding, how do you care for the victim until EMS personnel arrive?
Rescue breathing or 1 rescue breath every 5 seconds
Before you start a primary assessment, what should you always do first as you approach the victim?
Size up the scene
Put these in correct order: Perform assessment, Check for Responsiveness, Size-up the scene, Summon advanced medical personnel
Size up the scene, Check for Responsiveness, Summon advanced medical personnel, Perform Assessment
How far are chest thrust/compressions?
1.5 Infant, 1.5-2 Child, 2+ Adult (inches)
What is the clinical name for victims requiring CPR?
Cardiac Arrest
What are the steps in the Cardiac Chain for Survival?
Early Recognition, early advanced medical care, early CPR, early AED
What is your first step when caring for a conscious victim having a heart attack?
Make sure EMS has been summoned
What step comes after turning the AED on?
Apply pads and let AED analyze
An important concept in performing effective chest compressions includes compressing to the correct depth, but also, what?
Allow chest to fully recoil
When a 2nd rescuer of equal certification arrives on the scene of CPR in progress, what is the first thing the 2nd rescuer must do?
Make sure 911 was called
What piece of equipment is vital to PPD for both victim and rescuer when rescue breaths are being delivered?
Breathing Barriers (rescue mask, BVM, face shield)
When you see a conscious adult has fallen off a ladder, what is the first thing you need to do?
Make sure scene is safe, put on gloves and get consent
What is the criteria needed for a Lifeguard to summon EMS personnel?
Either a life threatening situation or something a lifeguard cannot resolve to the standard of care
After you pull an unconscious victim out of the water who is infrequently gasping, after determining the victim pulse, what should you do next?
2 Breaths
If there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other, what do you, as a rescuer, need to do?
Place one on middle of chest and other on the back
After sizing up the scene and determining it is safe, when performing primary assessment, what would you do next?
Check victim for responsiveness
What are the two pros and two cons about a BVM (bag valve mask)?
Best for avoiding BBP (blood born pathogen) and higher % of O-2, Bad as needs 2 rescuers and not always available
When performing rescue breathing, how often do you give one ventilation?
1/3 seconds Infant, 1/3 seconds Child, 1/5 seconds Adult
What is the required rate of compressions per minute when doing CPR?
100
When an AED advises shocking the victim, what command should you state several times before shocking?
Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim
If a victim you are about to apply AED pads on, has several body piercings and jewelry on his chest, what should you do?
Apply pads and slightly adjust to avoid
What is the compression and ventilation cycle for 2-rescuer CPR of an infant?
15 compressions and 2 ventilations
When preparing to give ventilations to a victim, after you have positioned the rescue mask, what should you do first?
Seal the mask
Where should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR?
One hand on forehead and 2 or 3 fingers on center of chest
When giving an abdominal thrust to an adult, where do you position your fist?
In the middle of the belly just above the belly button
When providing care to a conscious infant, what must always be lower than the infant's chest, whether giving back blows or chest thrusts?
Infants head
What is the purpose of a secondary assessment?
ID and care for NON life conditions
What is the proper order: Check for Life-threatening conditions, Obtain Consent, Speak with victim to find out what happened
Obtain consent, Check for Life-threatening conditions, Speak with victim to find out what happened
An adult injured patron is conscious and bleeding severely, after getting consent and putting on gloves, what is your next care step?
Press firmly against wound with a sterile dressing and bandage
What does the acronym SAMPLE stand for?
Signs/Signals/Symptoms, Allergies, Medication, Pertinent Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events
An adult injured patron is conscious and bleeding severely, after getting consent and putting on gloves, what is your next care step?
Remove the victim from the source of the burn
How do you care for a victim, in the water, having a seizure?
Support the victim with their head above water until the seizure ends
If you have multiple victims to choose from, who do you treat first?
Most severe
What does the acronym R.I.C.E stand for?
Rest Immobile, Cold, Elevation
What are the signs and symptoms of sudden illness?
Change LOC, Nausea, Blurred vision, changes in skin conditions, etc...
What does the acronym L.O.C. stand for?
Level of Consciousness
While providing care to a conscious choking victim, the victim becomes unconscious. What should you do first?
Carefully lower the victim to the ground
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