Introduction to Chemistry and Measurements

Practice flashcards covering key concepts, properties, and definitions in chemistry and measurements.

What is matter?

Matter is the physical material of the universe that has mass and occupies space.

What are the main components of matter?

Matter is composed of combinations of 118 elements, each with a unique type of atom.

What are molecules composed of?

Molecules are composed of two or more atoms arranged in a specific way.

What is the definition of a pure substance?

A pure substance has distinct properties and composition that does not vary from sample to sample.

What is a compound?

A compound is a substance containing two or more elements, with a constant elemental composition.

What is the Law of Constant Composition?

The Law of Constant Composition states that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same.

What defines a homogeneous mixture?

A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout and is also called a solution.

What is the metric unit for measuring temperature?

The metric unit for measuring temperature is Kelvin.

What are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Define density.

Density is a physical property of a substance, mathematically defined as D = M/V.

What is a physical change?

A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance, but does not change its composition.

What is significant figures?

Significant figures include all digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one.

Describe dimensional analysis in measurements.

Dimensional analysis is a method where units are cancelled to yield the proper desired unit in an answer.

What does the Celsius scale measure?

The Celsius scale measures temperature in relation to the freezing and boiling points of water.

What is theSI unit of volume?

The SI unit of volume is cubic meter (m³).

How do you calculate the density of a substance using water displacement?

To calculate density using water displacement, find the volume of the object by the amount of water displaced, then apply D = M/V.

What is the significance of the Kelvin scale in temperature measurement?

The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero, with 0 K being the lowest possible temperature.

What is matter?

Matter is the physical material of the universe that has mass and occupies space.

What are the main components of matter?

Matter is composed of combinations of 118 elements, each with a unique type of atom.

What are molecules composed of?

Molecules are composed of two or more atoms arranged in a specific way.

What is the definition of a pure substance?

A pure substance has distinct properties and composition that does not vary from sample to sample.

What is a compound?

A compound is a substance containing two or more elements, with a constant elemental composition.

What is the Law of Constant Composition?

The Law of Constant Composition states that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same.

What defines a homogeneous mixture?

A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout and is also called a solution.

What is the metric unit for measuring temperature?

The metric unit for measuring temperature is Kelvin (K).

What are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Define density.

Density is a physical property of a substance, mathematically defined as D = M/V.

What is a physical change?

A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance, but does not change its composition.

What is significant figures?

Significant figures include all digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one.

Describe dimensional analysis in measurements.

Dimensional analysis is a method where units are cancelled to yield the proper desired unit in an answer.

What does the Celsius scale measure?

The Celsius scale measures temperature in relation to the freezing and boiling points of water.

What is the SI unit of volume?

The SI unit of volume is cubic meter (m^3).

How do you calculate the density of a substance using water displacement?

To calculate density using water displacement, find the volume of the object by the amount of water displaced, then apply D = M/V.

What is the significance of the Kelvin scale in temperature measurement?

The Kelvin scale starts at absolute zero, with 0\ K being the lowest possible temperature.

What defines a heterogeneous mixture?

A heterogeneous mixture does not have the same composition, properties, and appearance throughout.

What are intensive properties?

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of sample being examined and are useful for identifying substances, such as temperature or melting point.

What are extensive properties?

Extensive properties depend on the amount of sample and relate to the quantity of substance present, such as mass or volume.

What is a chemical change?

A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, occurs when a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance.

Distinguish between precision and accuracy.

Precision refers to how closely individual measurements agree with one another, while accuracy refers to how closely measurements agree with the correct or true value.

How is an element defined?

An element is a pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances and is composed of only one kind of atom.

What is the SI base unit for mass?

The SI base unit for mass is the kilogram (kg).

What is the SI base unit for length?

The SI base unit for length is the meter (m).

What is the SI base unit for time?

The SI base unit for time is the second (s).

Define exact numbers.

Exact numbers are those whose values are known exactly, such as counted objects or defined conversion factors (e.g., 1\ dozen = 12).

Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion (E_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2), while potential energy is stored energy based on an object's position or chemical composition.

What factor is associated with the prefix milli-?

The metric prefix milli- (m) represents a factor of 10^{-3}.

What factor is associated with the prefix kilo-?

The metric prefix kilo- (k) represents a factor of 10^3.

What is filtration?

Filtration is a technique used to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture by passing it through a filter.

What is distillation?

Distillation is a separation method for homogeneous mixtures that depends on the different boiling points of the substances involved.

Define chromatography.

Chromatography is a method used to separate components of a mixture based on their differing abilities to adhere to the surfaces of various solids.

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; the total mass of the products equals the total mass of the reactants.