UWORLD Missed Questions (Bio and Biochem)

What does renin do?

vasoconstriction

Proline and glycine are found on the ______ of alpha helices

linker

__________ happens when bacteria transfer genetic material from one to the other

conjugation

Which amino acid is Q

glutamine

Which amino acid is D

aspartic acid

Which amino acid is N

asparagine

the cortical reaction prevents _______ _______ from fertiziling the egg

many sperm

_______ is the transfer of genetic information via a bacteriophage

transduction

a viroid is made of

RNA

horomones secreted in the posterior pituitary are made in the …

hypothalamus

During etc, ATP is made in the ________ of the mitochondria

matrix

hydrostatic pressure pushes things into/out of vessels

out of

osmotic pressure pushes things into/out of vessels

out of

Which cells promote cytotoxic t cell activation an proliferation

helper T cells

What cells promote B cell activation and proliferation

helper t cells

What cells enhance activtiy of macrophages

helper T cells

T cells gtarget infected cells using the ____ displayed in infected cells

MHC

from right to left, the OH groups in galactose go

down, up, up

from right to left, the OH groups in glucose go

down Up down

IN NORMAL thin-layer chormatography, the stationary phase is

non polar

In reverse HPLC, the stationary phase is

nonpolar

Charles law describes the relationship between

volume and temperature

Boyle’s law describes the relationship between

pressure and volume

during the q cycle ____ is reduced to ________

ubiquinone ubiquinol

When cytochrome c has electrons on it, it is reduced/oxidized?

reduced

without electrons flowing into it, cytochrome C is naturally oxidized ore reduced?

oxidized

dipole meoment increases with

electronegativity

Increased concentration of ________ from the intestinal lumen causes there to be increased secretion of H2O from nearby capillaries, resulting in dehydration

chloride ions

Select the intermediate used in the conversion of oxaloacetate to citrate

B

What is the product of the aldol reaction?

A

Tollen’s test detects __________ sugars

reducing

What carbonyl protecting group was formed?

acetal

What is the name of this chemical group?

acetyl

The enzyme ______ _______ is used to help transcribe cDNA

reverse transcriptase

if an exonuclease has 3’-5’ activity, it will add neucltoides to the growing ____ strand

3’

if an exonuclease has 5’-3’ activity, it will add neucltoides to the growing ____ strand

5’

An experiment may be repeated multiple times to ensure that results are ________

precise

a reducing sugar contains an OH on the ____ carbon

anomeric

triglycerides are found exclusivley in

adipocytes

if a lipid begins in the prefix “phosphotidyl-” it is a

glycerophospholipid

when pH equals pI, the protein is neutralized, causing an increase in ______ and a decrease in ______

solubility, aggregation

What are the two intermediates with chiral centers of the citric cycle?

D-isocitrate and L-malate

What is the cintermediate between citrate and isocitrate

cis-aconitate

exonucleases remove _______ at the ____ of DNA

Nucleotides end

a lower Kd means tighter/losser binding

tighter

due to the proton radient, the mitochondrial matrix tends to be really acidic/alkaline

alkaline

ion exhcange chromatogrpahy primarily relies on high/low salt concentrations

LOW

T/F: protein aggregation tends to occur when pH = pI

T

a protein is more/less stable when pH = pI?

less

Electrons flow from cytochromes starting from ____ to _____ potential

low to high

What does E’ stand for

reduction potential

what is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose

ribose has an OH on 2’ carbon

How many hydrogen bond donors do each of the nucleotides contain in order from ATCG

1,1,1,2

How many hydrogen bond donors do each of the nucleotides contain in order from ATCG

1, 1, 2, 1

What do siRNA do

decrease protein translation by degrading mRNA

numbering of cyclic strucutres begins with the…

anomeric carbon

Name this compound

2-bromo-N-(2-methylphenyl) propanamide

What does gastrin do

regulate the secretion of HCL from the parietal cells

What does anigiotensin II do

vasoconstriction

Bile is synthesized where?

liver

_______ serves as a resivoir of bile

gallbladder

acidic environments will cause molecules to become protonated or deptoronated

protonated

Muscle for digestion located between esp[hagus and stomach

cardiac sphincter

cecum, colon, rectum

parts of large intestine

the stomach leads into the duodenum/jejunum

duodenum

sphincter located between stomach and duodenum

pyloric sphincter

after the duodenum comes the….

jejunum

G cells secrete…

gastrin

parietal cells secrete (two things)

HCL and intrinsic factor

mucous cells secrete

mucous

chief cells secrete (two things)

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

How is Multiple sclerosis caused

immune cells attack myelin sheath

How is huntington’s disease caused

It is a genetic disease that causes neuronal cell loss

How is Alzheimer’s formed

toxic plaques and neurofibil tangles

Afferent nueons carry information from the

body to the brain

Efferent neurons carry information from the

brain to the body

both afferent and efferent neurons carry signals via white/gray matter

white

What is the box in red?

terminal

What is the box in red

axon

What is the box in red?

synapse

What si the box in red?

dendrites

What is the box in red?

Soma

What types of molecules can pass without active transport through the blood brain barrier?

hydrophobic molecules and small ions

Name types of connective tissue

blood, bone, fat

Name the types of nervous tissue

brain, spinal cord, nerves

name the tyoes of epithelial tissue

skin and lining of organs

Name the types of muscular tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Which type of cooperativity is in the red box?

positive cooperatively

Which type of cooperativity is in the red box?

No cooperatively

Which type of cooperativity is lcoated in the red box?

negative cooperativity

Positive cooperativity will make what curve shape

sigmoidal

What cdoes the Michaelis constant tell us (Km)

the substrate concentration at which an enzyme’s reaction rate is ½ of it’s maximum velocity

what does the value of kcat/Km tell us?

catalytic efficiency

do peptide bonds have free rotation?

no they do not

peptide bond hybridization

sp²

how do disulfide bonds form

cysteine residues are oxidized

disulfide bonds formw hen cysteine residues are

oxidized

the environment of the cystosol is oxiziding or reducing

reducing

the environment of the endopl;asmic reticulum is oxidizng or reducing

oxidizing