UWORLD Missed Questions (Bio and Biochem)

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208 Terms

1
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What does renin do?

vasoconstriction

2
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Proline and glycine are found on the ______ of alpha helices

linker

3
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__________ happens when bacteria transfer genetic material from one to the other

conjugation

4
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Which amino acid is Q

glutamine

5
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Which amino acid is D

aspartic acid

6
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Which amino acid is N

asparagine

7
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the cortical reaction prevents _______ _______ from fertiziling the egg

many sperm

8
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_______ is the transfer of genetic information via a bacteriophage

transduction

9
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10
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a viroid is made of

RNA

11
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horomones secreted in the posterior pituitary are made in the …

hypothalamus

12
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During etc, ATP is made in the ________ of the mitochondria

matrix

13
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hydrostatic pressure pushes things into/out of vessels

out of

14
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osmotic pressure pushes things into/out of vessels

out of

15
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Which cells promote cytotoxic t cell activation an proliferation

helper T cells

16
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What cells promote B cell activation and proliferation

helper t cells

17
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What cells enhance activtiy of macrophages

helper T cells

18
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T cells gtarget infected cells using the ____ displayed in infected cells

MHC

19
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from right to left, the OH groups in galactose go

down, up, up

20
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from right to left, the OH groups in glucose go

down Up down

21
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IN NORMAL thin-layer chormatography, the stationary phase is

non polar

22
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In reverse HPLC, the stationary phase is

nonpolar

23
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Charles law describes the relationship between

volume and temperature

24
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Boyle’s law describes the relationship between

pressure and volume

25
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during the q cycle ____ is reduced to ________

ubiquinone ubiquinol

26
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When cytochrome c has electrons on it, it is reduced/oxidized?

reduced

27
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without electrons flowing into it, cytochrome C is naturally oxidized ore reduced?

oxidized

28
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dipole meoment increases with

electronegativity

29
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Increased concentration of ________ from the intestinal lumen causes there to be increased secretion of H2O from nearby capillaries, resulting in dehydration

chloride ions

30
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Select the intermediate used in the conversion of oxaloacetate to citrate

B

31
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What is the product of the aldol reaction?

A

32
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Tollen’s test detects __________ sugars

reducing

33
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What carbonyl protecting group was formed?

acetal

34
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What is the name of this chemical group?

Skeletal formula of acetyl with all implicit hydrogens shown

acetyl

35
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The enzyme ______ _______ is used to help transcribe cDNA

reverse transcriptase

36
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if an exonuclease has 3’-5’ activity, it will add neucltoides to the growing ____ strand

3’

37
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if an exonuclease has 5’-3’ activity, it will add neucltoides to the growing ____ strand

5’

38
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An experiment may be repeated multiple times to ensure that results are ________

precise

39
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a reducing sugar contains an OH on the ____ carbon

anomeric

40
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triglycerides are found exclusivley in

adipocytes

41
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if a lipid begins in the prefix “phosphotidyl-” it is a

glycerophospholipid

42
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when pH equals pI, the protein is neutralized, causing an increase in ______ and a decrease in ______

solubility, aggregation

43
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What are the two intermediates with chiral centers of the citric cycle?

D-isocitrate and L-malate

44
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What is the cintermediate between citrate and isocitrate

cis-aconitate

45
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exonucleases remove _______ at the ____ of DNA

Nucleotides end

46
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a lower Kd means tighter/losser binding

tighter

47
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due to the proton radient, the mitochondrial matrix tends to be really acidic/alkaline

alkaline

48
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ion exhcange chromatogrpahy primarily relies on high/low salt concentrations

LOW

49
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T/F: protein aggregation tends to occur when pH = pI

T

50
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a protein is more/less stable when pH = pI?

less

51
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Electrons flow from cytochromes starting from ____ to _____ potential

low to high

52
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What does E’ stand for

reduction potential

53
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what is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose

ribose has an OH on 2’ carbon

54
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How many hydrogen bond donors do each of the nucleotides contain in order from ATCG

1,1,1,2

55
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How many hydrogen bond donors do each of the nucleotides contain in order from ATCG

1, 1, 2, 1

56
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What do siRNA do

decrease protein translation by degrading mRNA

57
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numbering of cyclic strucutres begins with the…

anomeric carbon

58
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Name this compound

2-bromo-N-(2-methylphenyl) propanamide

59
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What does gastrin do

regulate the secretion of HCL from the parietal cells

60
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What does anigiotensin II do

vasoconstriction

61
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Bile is synthesized where?

liver

62
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_______ serves as a resivoir of bile

gallbladder

63
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acidic environments will cause molecules to become protonated or deptoronated

protonated

64
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Muscle for digestion located between esp[hagus and stomach

cardiac sphincter

65
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cecum, colon, rectum

parts of large intestine

66
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the stomach leads into the duodenum/jejunum

duodenum

67
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sphincter located between stomach and duodenum

pyloric sphincter

68
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after the duodenum comes the….

jejunum

69
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G cells secrete…

gastrin

70
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parietal cells secrete (two things)

HCL and intrinsic factor

71
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mucous cells secrete

mucous

72
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chief cells secrete (two things)

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

73
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How is Multiple sclerosis caused

immune cells attack myelin sheath

74
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How is huntington’s disease caused

It is a genetic disease that causes neuronal cell loss

75
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How is Alzheimer’s formed

toxic plaques and neurofibil tangles

76
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Afferent nueons carry information from the

body to the brain

77
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Efferent neurons carry information from the

brain to the body

78
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both afferent and efferent neurons carry signals via white/gray matter

white

79
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What is the box in red?

terminal

80
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What is the box in red

axon

81
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What is the box in red?

synapse

82
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What si the box in red?

dendrites

83
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What is the box in red?

Soma

84
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What types of molecules can pass without active transport through the blood brain barrier?

hydrophobic molecules and small ions

85
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Name types of connective tissue

blood, bone, fat

86
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Name the types of nervous tissue

brain, spinal cord, nerves

87
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name the tyoes of epithelial tissue

skin and lining of organs

88
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Name the types of muscular tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

89
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Which type of cooperativity is in the red box?

positive cooperatively

90
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Which type of cooperativity is in the red box?

No cooperatively

91
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Which type of cooperativity is lcoated in the red box?

negative cooperativity

92
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Positive cooperativity will make what curve shape

sigmoidal

93
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What cdoes the Michaelis constant tell us (Km)

the substrate concentration at which an enzyme’s reaction rate is ½ of it’s maximum velocity

94
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what does the value of kcat/Km tell us?

catalytic efficiency

95
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do peptide bonds have free rotation?

no they do not

96
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peptide bond hybridization

sp²

97
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how do disulfide bonds form

cysteine residues are oxidized

98
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disulfide bonds formw hen cysteine residues are

oxidized

99
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the environment of the cystosol is oxiziding or reducing

reducing

100
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the environment of the endopl;asmic reticulum is oxidizng or reducing

oxidizing