APWORLD PERIOD 3

1750-1900

7 Years’ War

Global conflict over territorial disputes

Turned Britain into dominant colonial power

Great Britain

begin colonizing India

First Industrial Revolution

introduced steam power

use of coal, iron, steam engine

mechanization in manufacturing.

Karl Marx

Marxism: equal distribution of wealth/resources

foundation for socialism/communism + critique capitalism.

Adam Smith

advocated for free markets

the invisible hand of supply and demand can regulate economy alone

American Revolution

motivated by British abuse of taxe + enlightenment ideas like natural rights + social contract

French Revolution

caused by social inequality between estates(classes) + enlightenment + food shortages

Haitian Revolution

successful anti-colonial rebellion for independence from France + abolished enslavement of Haitians

Feminism

begins

enlightenment

Latin American Revolutions

successful revolts for independence from European colonial powers

motive: Enlightenment ideas + earlier revolutions.

Opium Wars

Isolationist China forced to trade w Britain

Britain sells Opium getting China addicted, gets banned

Treaty of Nanjing: force China to give Britain trading rights

Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom vs. Qing Dynasty, cause: Christian ideas of future blessings + frustration over social issues.

India Sepoy Mutiny

Revolt against British in India

cause: anti-British policies, cultural insensitivity

Suez Canal

British canal in Egypt

Mediterranean Sea → Red Sea

facilitating trade routes to Asia.

Social Darwinism

Survival of fittest

Used to justify imperialism, racism, & social inequality.

King Leopold

Belgian Congo ruler

exploitation and brutality.

Meiji Restoration

Modernization + industrialization of Japan after tokugawa

transformed into major world power

Second Industrial Revolution

tech advancements + growth in steel, electricity, and chemical industries

Chinese Exclusion Act

Law: No Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States

reflecting widespread anti-Chinese sentiment

Spanish-American War

U.S gets Guam, Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico after Spain’s defeat

marks expansion of U.S. imperial influence

United Fruit Company

established

strengthen western rule in developing countries

banana exports

Boxer Rebellion

violent anti-foreign anti-christian Chinese uprising