Biology Central Dogma, DNA Study Methods, and Hierarchy of Life

What is the central dogma of biology?

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

What is transcription in the context of the central dogma?

The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA.

What is translation in the context of the central dogma?

The process of converting the RNA sequence into an amino acid sequence to form proteins.

Where is genetic information stored in a cell?

In DNA, which is located in the nucleus.

What is genomics?

The study of DNA, focusing on the genome.

What is proteomics?

The study of proteins, including their formation and function.

What is bioinformatics?

The integration of computer science and biology to store, analyze, and interpret biological data.

What does reductionism mean in biology?

The approach of understanding complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, simpler parts.

What are emergent properties in biology?

Characteristics that arise when parts are combined, leading to new functions and properties.

List the hierarchy of life from biggest to smallest.

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Organelle, Molecule, Atom, Subatomic particle.

What is negative feedback in biological systems?

A process that counteracts a change, helping to maintain homeostasis.

What is positive feedback in biological systems?

A process that amplifies a change, leading to an increase in the output.

What are biotic factors?

Living components of an ecosystem, such as animals, plants, and bacteria.

What are abiotic factors?

Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, wind, and soil.

What is the role of water in biological systems?

Water exhibits properties such as cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension, which are essential for life.