Alterations in Cellular Proliferation

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about alterations in cellular proliferation and different types of cancer.

Cancer

Diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth and division which can spread and invade other organs and tissue.

Tumors

Rapid growth of cells that can cause masses.

Metastasis

The process by which cancer spreads to other parts of the body.

Lung Cancer

Malignant tumors that begin to grow in the lungs.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

A type of lung cancer characterized by smaller sized cells that grow and spread quickly.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

A type of lung cancer characterized by larger sized cells that are more slow-growing.

Adenocarcinoma

A subtype of NSCLC that usually begins in the outer regions of the lungs and is the most common form.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A subtype of NSCLC that tends to cause early symptoms and usually begins in the bronchial tubes.

Large Cell Carcinoma

A subtype of NSCLC that tends to grow rapidly and cause late symptoms, usually beginning in the outer edges of the lungs.

Chemotherapy

Treatment that can kill healthy cells while targeting cancer cells.

Targeted Therapy

Treatment that minimizes damage to normal cells while targeting cancer cells.

Colon Cancer

A cancer that occurs in the colon, the longest part of the intestine.

Polyps

Precancerous growths that can develop into colon cancer.

Polyp Removal

A treatment where a cancerous polyp is removed during a colonoscopy.

Brain Cancer

Malignant tumors that originate in brain tissue.

Primary Brain Cancer

Cancers that start in the brain.

Secondary Brain Cancer

Cancers that spread to the brain from other parts of the body; metastatic tumors.

Gliomas

Brain tumors that originate from glial cells, which support nerve cells; glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive.

Meningiomas

Brain tumors that originate in the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Medulloblastoma

Brain cancer that originates in the cerebellum and is the most common cancer in children.

Physical Therapy

A brain tumor therapy that uses physical methods.

Ablation Therapy

A brain tumor therapy that uses focused energy to destroy tumors.

Leukemias & Lymphomas

Also known as liquid tumors.

Leukemia

Type of cancer that affects the bone marrow.

Bone marrow

Organ that produces blood cells.

Blasts

Overproduction of white blood cells.

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Blood test in which doctors draw liquid bone marrow through a needle.

Chemotherapy

Designed to kill fast growing cells.

Stem cell transplant

Helps stimulate production of healthy cells in the bone marrow.

Radiation Therapy

Helps kill cancer cells that have settled in organs.

Targeted therapy

Seeks out and attacks only leukemic cells.

Immunotherapy

Helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

Lymphoma

Type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, part of the body’s immune system.

Lymphocyte

Abnormal growth of lymphocytes which can lead to tumors.

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphoma where many patients have a relatively good prognosis.

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphoma where multiple lympth nodes are involved.

Watchful waiting

To keep a close eye on progress.

Targeted Therapy

Zero in on certain proteins and receptors in cancer cells slowing growth and boosting the immune system.

Chemotherapy

The medication is usually delivered through an IV infusion or via an injection.

External Radiation

Doctors use an x-ray machine to direct a beam of radiation toward the area where cancer cells are concentrated.

Tobacco

A risk factor for lung cancer related to consumption.

Air Pollutants

A risk factor for lung cancer affecting the air.

Surgery

Lung cancer treatment method aimed at normal cells.

Immunotherapy

Lung cancer treatment method aimed at killing cancer cells.

Solid and Liquid Tumors

Tumor classification based on its physical state.

Chronic coughing

Early sign of lung cancer.

Seizures

Late sign of lung cancer.

Stage 0

Stage of colon cancer.

Stage IV

Stage of colon cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or organs.

Rectal Tenesmus

Feeling the urge to pass motion even if the bowel is empty.

Surgery

Removal of cancerous growth.

Metastasis Measures

Additional operations performed when cancer spreads and include radiation.

Pituitary Tumors

Type of brain cancer.

CAR T Therapy

Type of brain cancer therapy.

Radiation Exposure

Exposure that can lead to leukemia.

Blood Test

Evaluation that can lead to leukemia diagnosis.

Pale skin

A lymphoma sign involving the skin.

Swollen Lymph Gland

A lymphoma sign that swells.

Occupational Exposures

Lymphoma's relations to exposures.

Cigarette Smoke

Lung cancer's link to smoke.

Nervous System Issues

A system issue due to late lung cancer.

Red Meats

Red liquid meat.

CLL

Common adult leukemia.

Work Exposure to Chemicals

Exposure related to work.

Changes in Bowel Habits

Symptoms related to bowels of colorectal cancer.

Ablation

Additional option in surgery.

Glial Cells

Cells surrounding the brain.

Medication Therapies

Use of medicine to treat brain tumors.

Race

Related factor to ethnicity.

Virus

Exposure to virus or bateria.

External Radiation

Type of radiation used in lymphoma.

Large Cell Carcinoma

Rapidly growing NSCLC.

Not being Physically Active

Not being active.

Stem cell transplant

Transplant of cells in leukemia.

Seizure Incident

A neurological sign of possible brain cancer.

Radiotherapy

One of brain tumor treatment options.

Night Sweats

Common leukemia symptom.

Lungs

Related topic with the lungs.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ailment relation.

Schwannomas

One of the primary brain tumors.

Spinal Tap

Evaluation of health with spinal examination.

Smoking

Risk related to tobacco.

Colon Cancer

Occurs in the longest part of the intestine.

Older

Increases risk for cancer.

Leukemia

Affects the bone marrow.

Chemotherapy

Often delivered by IV infusion.

Gender

A risk associated with gender.

Fatigue

Sign or symptom of lymphoma.

Medulloblastoma

Type of brain tumor that develops in children.

Lymphocytes

Lymphoma involves the abnormal growth of these.

Surgery

A colon cancer treatment that focuses on tumor removal.

Air Pollutants

Radon, Asbestos, Ozone, Particulate Matter.

Metastasis

Occurs when cancer cells spread.

Tumors

Tumor that can be benign or malignant.

Risk Factor

Factor that contribute to lung cancer development.

Hodgkin

Associated with EBV with lung cancer.

Chemotherapy

Treatments to shrink a tumor.

Nausea

A brain cancer symptom.

Brain Cancer

Cancer that forms in the brain cells.

Adenocarcinoma

Common form of lung cancer.