BIOL 212: Test 1 (ch 1,2,3)

Ch 1. Microbial World, Ch 2. Bacteria, Ch 3. Eukaryal Microbes.

False Positive

an observed positive result in a sample that was expected to be negative.

False Negative

An observed negative result in a sample that was expected to be positive

Sensitivity

The limit of detectability within a test

Specificity

the limit of discrimination within a test

Control

A known entity with a predictable/known outcome

Sensitivity issue

A false negative result is always a ________ _____.

Specificity issue

A false positive is always a ________ ____.

Unknown

A sample whose outcome or value must be determined (ex. collecting microbes to be compared to the control in the future)

Ubiquity

Can be found just about everywhere

Pathogens

Organisms that are known to cause disease

Nonpathogenics

Organisms that are not known to cause disease

Opportunistic pathogen

A microorganism not ordinarily thought of as pathogenic that will cause infection when out of its normal habitat (ex. enteric bacteria)

Enteric bacteria

Infomal name for bacteria in intestinal tract

Host

An organism that serves as a habitat for another organism such as a parasite or commensal

Commensal

synergistic relationship between two organisms neither positively or negatively

mutualism

synergistic relationship between teo organisms in which both benefit the interaction

Reservoir

a nonhuman host or other site in nature serving as a perpetual source of pathogenic organism

Free-living

does not reside on or in a specific host

Date, name, temperature

What information should be labeled on the bottom petri plates? Hint: three things

Agar

What is the jello-like thing in a petri dish?

37C

Microorganisms on the fingers, nose, and mouth grow best in what temperature (C)?

25C

Microorganisms on the desk, air, soil, and leaf grow best in what temperature (C)?

Hyperthermophiles

Microbe that grows best in 65C ~ 115C

Thermophiles

Microbe that grows best 42C ~ 80C

Autoclave Sterilizers

Machine that sterilizes used petri dishes

Ocular lens

Name the highlighted region.

HINT: the lens through which the microscopist looks through—-produces the virtual image by magnifying the real image

Objective lens

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: the microscope lens that first produces magnification of the specimen in a compound microscope

Stage

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: where the object is placed to be viewed

4x, 10x, 40x, 100x

What are the four magnifications of objective lens?

Stage clamps

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: holds the object in place.

Course focus knob

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: used to find the image

Fine focus knob

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: used to find the fine image

Mechanical stage adjustment knobs

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: top part moves stage front/back, bottom part moves stage left/right

Iris diaphragm

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: light should be at a minimum (closed)

Condenser

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: the lens that concentrates the light from the light source and makes illumination of the specimen more uniform.

Lamp

Name the highlighted region.

Hint: shines light upwards to view image

Virtual image

Image produced when the ocular lens of a microscope magnifies the real image

Real image

Magnified image of a specimen produced from the objective lens of a microscope

Magnification object, magnification ocular

What two things are multiplied together to produce the TOTAL MAGNIFICATION?

100x

Which objective len magnification required oil immersion?

Numerical aperture

A measure of the len’s ability to capture light combing from the specimen and use it to make a image

Resolution

The clarity of an image produced by a lens

Limit of resolution

The closest two points can be together for the microscope lens to make them appear separate

Limit of resolution

What is this equation calculating?

D = wavelength (nm) / NA condenser + NA objective

Shorter

Do shorter or longer wavelengths produce a clearer image? Not including wavelengths <360nm

Bright field microscopy

What type of microscopy do we use in class?

Hint: light passes through the background unimpeded

Dark field microscopy

What type of microscopy do we NOT use in class?

Hint: uses a condenser that diminishes light that passes through the background

Phase contrast microscopy

Name the type of light microscopy that uses a contrast to view the cytoplasmic components

Fluorescence microscopy

What type of light microscopy uses fluorescent dye that emits “glow in the dark effect” with ultraviolet radiation?

400 nm to 700 nm

What is the visible wavelength of light?

Domains

A broad classification of all organisms based on the sequence of nucleotides in rRNA. Three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Endosymbiotic Theory

The theory whereby a primitive prokaryote was engulfed by a larger prokaryote that led to the formation of eukaryotic cells

Trophozoite

Feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoans

Pseudopods

Extensions of cytoplasm from amoebae that are used for movement as well as as engulfing prey

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Mnemonic: King Philip Came Over From Germany Swimming

Penicillium

Identify the fungi

Aspergillus

Identify the fungi

Rhizopus

Identify the fungi. Is asexual

Rhizopus

Identify the fungi. Is sexual

Penicillin

Identify the fungi

Candida albicans

Identify the fungi

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Identify the fungi

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Identify the fungi

Plasmodium falciparum

Identify the alveolates. Causes malaria

Trypanosoma cruzi

Identify the kinetoplastid. Causes Chagas’ disease

Trichomonas vaginalis

Identify the parabasalid. Is an STD

Chlamydomonas

Identify the chlorophyta

Giardia lamblia

Identify the diplomonad. Most common intentional parasitic disease affecting humans

Entamoebas histolytica

Identify the entamoeba. Is parasitic and causes amoebic dysentery

Euglena

Identify the euglenozoan

Stentor

Identify the alveotate

Balantidium coli

Identify the alveolate

Diatoms

Identify the stramenophile

Spirogyra

Identify the charophyte

Spirogyra conjugation

Identify the charophyte

Volvox

Identify the chlorophyte

Paramecium

Identify the alveolate

Amoeba proteus

Identify the gymnamoebas

Hyphae

A filament (of filaments)of fungal cells

Yeast

Informal grouping of unicellular fungi