bio practicum #1

stratified squamous epithelial

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

skeletal muscle

simple squamous epithelial

simple cuboidal epithelial

simple columnar epitheleal

loose connective tissue

endoderm

innermost layer of the three primary germ layers

ectoderm

outermost layer of the three primary germ layers in the embryo

mesoderm

middle layer of the primary germ layers

specific tissue types derived from endoderm

epithelial

where is epithelial tissue derived from endoderm found

lining of airways and the lumen of digestive tract

specific tissue types derived from ectoderm

epithelial and nervous

specific location of epithelial tissue derived from ectoderm

epidermis of the skin

specific location of nervous tissue derived from ectoderm

brain and spinal cord

specific tissue types derived from mesoderm

epithelial, muscle, and connective

specific location of epithelial tissue derived from mesoderm

lining of the body cavity

specific location of muscle tissue derived from mesoderm

skeletal muscles, heart, walls of digestive tract

specific location of connective tissue derived from mesoderm

bones, cartilage, blood

epithelial tissues (general)

closely connected cells with no visible intercellular space

basal end

end where epithelial tissue is attached to another tissue

apical end

free end, not attached to anything

simple squamous epithelium location

lining of body cavities

simple squamous epithelium function

covering surfaces, allowing for diffusion (of gases) and filtration (of fluids)

simple squamous epithelium structural characteristics

flat, scaly, single layer

simple cuboidal epithelium location

kidney tubules/ducts, glands

simple cuboidal epithelium function

protection and secretion (ex. hormones)

simple cuboidal epithelium structural characteristics

cube shaped, single layered

simple columnar epithelium location

lining cavities and tracts (digestive system, respiratory tract)

simple columnar epithelium function

secretion, absorption, protection, transportation

simple columnar epithelium structural characteristics

tall narrow cells, single layer

stratified squamous epithelium location

skin and esophagus lining

stratified squamous epithelium function

protection from damage

stratified squamous epithelium structural characteristics

multiple layers, scaly cells

hydra body symmetry

radial

hydra body cavity

acelomates

planarian body symmetry

bilateral

planarian body cavity

acoelomate

earthworm body symmetry

bilateral

earthworm body cavity

coelomate

grasshopper body symmetry

bilateral

grasshopper body cavity

coelomate

hydra digestive system-complete or incomplete?

incomplete/closed, one opening for food and waste

planarian digestive system-complete or incomplete?

incomplete/closed, one opening for food and waste

earthworm digestive system-complete or incomplete?

complete, gut w/ mouth and anus, closed system

grasshopper digestive system-complete or incomplete?

incomplete, open

hydra circulatory system

no true circulatory system

planarian circulatory system

no true circular system, rely on diffusion for gas exchange and nutrient transport

earthworm circulatory system

closed system with blood vessels and aortic arches (act as heart)

grasshopper circulatory system

open system, “blood” aka hemolymph moves through interconnected sinuses to deliver nutrients and hormones

hydra respiratory system

gas exhange by simple diffusion, oxygen is absorbed from water and co2 released through epidermis

planarian respiratory system

no respiratory system, gas exhange by diffusion

earthworm respiratory system

gas exchange via cutaneous respiration

grasshopper respiratory system

spiracles allow air to enter and leave respiratory system, lead to tracheal tubes that deliver oxygen to cells and tissues

hydra reproductive system

both asexual (budding, bud detaches from parent) and sexual (under stress conditions, some hermaphroditic)

planarian reproductive system

asexual (transverse fission/regeneration) or sexual (hermaphroditic or cross fertilization)

grasshopper reproductive system

sexual reproduction (female has ovipositor)

earthworm reproductive system

sexual (cross fertilization), hermaphrodites

hydra excretory system

diffusion into water directly from cells

planaria excretory system

flame cells, tubules and excretory pores

earthworm excretory system

nephridia remove metabolic waste products (act as kidneys)

grasshopper excretory system

malpighian tubules function like kidneys, filter waste and deposit it in hindgut

“eyes” of the planaria

eyespots

expanded regions lateral to anterior end in planaria

auricles

what takes in food for the planaria (in digestive tract)

pharynx

planaria- what does food pass from pharynx to that distributes nutrients

intestinal diverticula

nephridia-earthworm

coiled tubes appearing in the coelom, remove waste from body cavity

typhlosole-earthworm

large flap of tissue extending to lumen, increases surface area for absorption and digestion

where is dorsal blood vessel earthworm

above intestine

clitellum

big band in earthworms, functions in reproduction

prostomium

earthworms, small lobe located above the mouth

vas deferens

earthworm, male parts, male genetical pores

nephridiopores

pores that earthworms excrete waste by

does self fertilization occur in earthworms

no

order of earthworm digestive tract

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, stomach-intestine

what does the crop do

food storage, white and soft

what does the gizzard do

grinding food, hard

order of everything visible in the earthworms

pharynx, seminal vesicles, crop, gizzard, intestine (dorsal blood vessel on top)

what are inside seminal vesicles

testes

job of seminal receptacles

recieve sperm from mating partner

aortic loops

(hearts) pump blood through blood vessel

job of the pharynx

pump to ingest food

ocelli

3 tiny simple grasshopper eyes

labrum

grasshopper upper lip structure, used to hold food

mandibles

jaw like structures, used to chew food

maxillae

segmented extensions with a sensory function used to cut, taste and chew food

labium

lower lip, holds food while it is being chewed

ovipositor

fish tail looking thing on female grasshoppers, lets them deposit eggs into ground

spiracles

tiny pores to help grasshoppers breathe air

order of what you can see inside grasshopper

brain, esophagus, crop, gizzard, gastric ceca, stomach, Malpighian tubules, large intestine, small intestine (heart is on top)

Malpighian tubules

help eliminate out waste

do grasshoppers have lungs

no they have spiracles instead

does hemolymph play a role in gas exchange

no

loose connective tissue location

between different tissues (skin and bone)

loose connective tissue function

holding tissues together

loose connective tissue structure

extracellular matrix, fibers, cells

skeletal muscle location

attached to skeleton

skeletal muscle function

voluntary contraction