EARTH 308 Final

How much copper does Chile produce

1/3 of the worlds copper

Chile partners with what companies to produce copper

BHP billiton, Anglo American and Japan’s Sumitomo Corp (all operate in chile)

What is the average concentration of Cu in the rock that is mined at las pelambres?

1% 

What was an example of copper from chile

Active copper mine

How deep is the snow in winter at las pelambres

5 meters

what were some of the things in the hospital that were made of copper

• bedrails

• sink

• stethoscope

Where was some of the jobs avaibable at a mine

In Boron, california, US

What are some of the jobs available at the US borax Mine

• chemist

• geologist

• engineer

• environmental scientist

• millwright

• electrician

• equipment operator

• shipping team

• commercial team

• strategic planning

• quality specialist

where was rare earth elements found?

China controls world’s largest reserves of rare earth elements.

• china’s export restrictions are giving it powerful leverage over united states

• Donald trump is determined to catch up

What are rare earth elements in the military

Where does 90% of the worlds rare earth refining happen

china

_______ are one of the most widely applicable products that rare earths are necessary for

Magnets

Separating rare earths from the rock they are in requires a huge amount of __________. 

Energy

Where was Tantalum from

Congo, Central Africa

the video focus on precious minerals paying for military weapons, leading to ______________

wat and human right abuses

In the congo, what were the main minerals? what are they considered?

Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten and gold. All these minerals are considered conflict minerals due to their potential origin in Democratic Republic of Congo

How much money does the African Country Congo contain in untapped mineral resources

$24 trillion

• it remains mired in poverty and violence

What does colton stand for

columbite-tantalite mineral

What is Coltan used for

vital source for elements niobium and tantalum, which are used to create capacitors for modern electronics like smartphones and laptops

where was there conflict and colton

eastern congo

what created violence in the congo

What did each mineral do ( Sn, Ta, W and Au)

• colton is refined to tantalum

what is the Acidic vs Alkaline scale

what happens in the charged balanced equation for oxidation of pyrite

what is the importance of oxidation of pyrite

what is the insoluble yellow-orange precipitate

where can pyrite occur and be embedded in

what does coal cause during strip mining 

explain microbial influences of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

The pH scale is logarithmic. This means that a small change in pH represents a ______ chaning in H+ concentration

Large

Solutions that resist changes to pH are called _____. These act like sponges to absorb excess H+

buffers

Fluids in living organisms and seawater have strong ______ capacity. In contrast, rainwater does not.

Buffering

where are acid soils commonly found

rainforests, jungles

where are alkaline soils commonly found

deserts

what effect does rainfall have on soil pH

rain (h2o) naturally combine with CO2 in atmosphere to form weak acid (H2CO3). clean rainwater has pH of 5.6-5.7

natural pH range for most plants is _____, between ______.

acidic; 5.5-7

True or False: Sulfide minerals like pyrite that are underwater will not weather significantly

True

what is the geological name for a rusty exposure of rock

gossan

what are some treatments for acid mine drainage

• add a buffer material like limestone

• limit area of exposed rock

• compacting acid-generating rock

• covering rock with sealing layers

what is the long term treatment for acid mine drainage

describe diagram of typical dry cover designed to minimize production of acidic effluents from sulfide-bearing wastes

Current approaches to AMD have one common aspect:

They delay or prevent oxidation. However all have limitations

what is a physical barrier

what is a bactericide

what is a chemical barrier

what are health impacts of acid mine drainage

what are some physical properties of gold

Soft, malleable, pounded thin, drawn out to make a thin wire, made into shapes, doesnt rust or tarnish

gold is usually bounded to other metal such as ____

silver

what role does cyanide plan in gold processing

cyanide helps extract gold from other metals, and leach it into the surrounding water

what temperature is the smelter

1600 degrees C

what are impurities in the smelting process called

slag

what is Gold cyanidation

what is an infamous cyanide spills

explain Baia Mare Cyanide Spill

what are the health effects of Cyanide

explain cyanide in the industry

How does mercury get into the environment

what three industry sectors made up 2/3s of the US mercury emissions

how much mercury is in the US air pollution that comes from power plants

50%

what three things did the US EPA introduce legistation to in 2011

what are the three chemical forms of mercury

describe Mercury in Aquatic Species

describe seafood and mercury relationship

describe food chain and mercury relationship

FILL IN BLANKS

What is the health effects of mercury?

who does mercury affect the most

what are mercury health effects (5 points)

where was the poison grain disaster

Iraq

what was the poison grain disaster

when was the poison grain disaster

1971

where is minamata disease

Japan

what is minamata disease

where was minamata diease in first nations people

Ontario

describe minamata disease in first nations

what is dental amalgam

how do dentists make dental amalgam

is the mercury in dental amalgam the same as the mercury in some types of fish

what are the benefits of dental amalgam

what are the risks of dental amalgams

are dental amalgam fillings dangerous

if I am concerned about mercury in dental amalgam, should I have my fillings removed

is dental amalgam used in canada

the american dental association shows what about the health problems

when did the deepwater horizon oil spill occur

April 2010

what was the deepwater horizon oil spill known for

considered the largest marine oil spill in history

where was the deepwater horizon oil spill

Gulf of mexico near mississippi Delta, US

what was the volume of the deepwater horizon oil spill

The US government estimated total discharge at 4.9 million barrels (210 million US gal; 780 000m³)

what was the cause of the deepwater horizon oil spill

wellhead blowout

what were the casualties of the  deepwater horizon oil spill

11 killed; 17 injured

Whos fault was the deepwater horizon oil spill

mostly BP, but also rig operator Transocean and contractor halliburton. Blamed for gross negligence, a series of cost-cutting decisions and an inadequate safety system

what was the health effect on wildlife of the deepwater horizon oil spill

what animals does the video mention as a “Poster animal” for the spill? The oil affects the animal at every stage of life

Turtles

what are the main effects of oil on birds

can’t thermoregulate, spend all their time preening

what is meant by the term “baseline data”

data about the area prior to an event or disaster

what is corexit

Chemical dispersant, sinks to sea floor when mixed with oil. Dispute about toxicity

What is some physical evidence of the spill still found on beaches in Gulf Coast

oily sea foam, tar balls

what are some medical issues mentioned in the deepwater horizon disaster,five years later video

chronic cough, skin rash, memory loss

what did spill do to the real estate market

houses spend long time on market

what are methods used to contain/eliminate oil