systems path 2 exam 3 - STDs (pg 98-end)

ways of transmission of STDs

vaginal, anal, oral, IV, transplacental, birth

7 most common STDs

HPV, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, syphilis, HIV

most common STD in the US

HPV

HPV locations

penile, vulvar, cervical, anal, throat

people usually get HPV symptoms how many days after exposure to the virus?

2-12

Condylomata acuminata (genital warts) is associated with what types of HPV?

6 and 11

what type of HPV is associated with squamous cell proliferations and pre-neoplastic lesions?

16 and 18

MC bacterial STD in the US

Chlamydia

cause of chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis

Who is more likely to be asymptomatic from chlamydia?

females

what happens if chlamydia is left untreated?

PID (females), epididymitis (males)

what condition is stimulated by chlamydia, is associated with +HLA-B27, and occurs 1-6 weeks after GI/GU infection?

reactive arthritis (reiter's syndrome)

symptoms of reactive arthritis

can't see (eyes), can't pee (urinary tract), can't dance with me (joints)

what causes trichomoniasis?

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)

does Trichomonas spread?

usually not

Who is more likely to be asymptomatic from trichomoniasis?

males (urethritis, prostatitis, balanitis)

signs/symptoms of females with trichomoniasis

itching/burning (vaginitis), yellow/green, frothy, purulent, malodorous discharge

people usually get trichomoniasis symptoms how many days after exposure?

5-28

what causes gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ab-resistant)

people usually get gonorrhea symptoms how many days after exposure?

1-14

how does gonorrhea spread?

mucosal contact (urethra, mouth, throat, eyes, anus)

Who is more likely to be asymptomatic from gonorrhea?

females

if females get symptoms from gonorrhea, what are they most likely to be?

lower pelvic pain, vaginal discharge (PID)

signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in males

painful urination, purulent urethral discharge (urethritis)

signs/symptoms of disseminated gonorrhea

arthritis, tenosynovitis, skin lesions, endocarditis, meningitis

transcervical infection associated with gonorrhea which occurs 5 days after birth and can cause possible blindness in infants

neonatal conjunctivitis

where does HSV spread?

vagina, anal, oral, transplacental

people usually get HSV symptoms how many days after exposure?

2-12

signs/symptoms of an HSV outbreak

blister-like lesions which break open and are painful sores (fluid contains virus)

HSV is latent in

sacral ganglia

key systolic features of HSV infection

multinucleated giant cells with viral inclusions

how does HSV get diagnosed?

tzank smear, monoclonal b, rapid antigen detection

cause of syphilis

Treponema pallidum

how/where is syphilis transmitted?

transplacental or mucosal contact ; genitals, anal, oral, transplacental

how does syphilis spread?

lymph or blood

Chronic syphilis infection

spirochete

signs/symptoms associated with the primary stage of syphilis

painless chancre

signs/symptoms associated with the secondary stage of syphilis

systemic red and rough rash, condylomata datum, lymphadenopathy

signs/symptoms associated with the tertiary stage of syphilis

neurosyphilis, gummas

How is congenital syphilis transmitted?

transplacental

Untreated congenital syphilis = _____% lethality in utero

40%

infantile syphilis

cutaneous, visceral, skeletal

tardive syphilis (2 years after birth)

facial, dental, skeletal/periosteal

signs/symptoms of congenital syphilis

saddle nose deformity, periostitis (shaber shin), hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars

virus attacks on the immune system

HIV

HIV can cause decreased WBC which can result in serious conditions such as what?

pneumonia or TB

how is HIV spread?

bodily fluids, transplacental, breast feeding, IV

what diagnoses HIV?

positive antibody test

what diagnoses AIDS?

ELISA/western blot

Is there a cure for HIV?

no

soft, painful lesion caused by haeomphilus ducreyi

chancroid

people usually get HIV symptoms how many days after exposure?

4-10

Who is more likely to be asymptomatic from a chancroid?

females

who is more likely to develop a chancroid?

prostitutes, those with HIV, living in africa/SE Asia

acronym for the group of pathogens that can cause a transplacental infection

TORCH

T in TORCH

Toxoplasmosis

O in TORCH

Other (Syphilis, Hep B, HIV)

R in TORCH

Rubella

C in TORCH

CMV

H in TORCH

HSV