Correlation and Regression

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to correlation and regression as discussed in the lecture.

Pearson Correlation

A statistical measure of the degree of linear relationship between two variables.

Correlation Coefficient (r)

A numerical value that represents the strength and direction of a correlation.

Null Hypothesis (H0) for Correlation

States that there is no relationship between the two variables; the population correlation is zero (r=0).

Alternative Hypothesis (H1) for Correlation

States that there is a real, nonzero correlation in the population; the correlation is not equal to zero (r≠0).

Expected Frequencies (fe)

The frequency value predicted from the proportions in the null hypothesis and the sample size (n).

Observed Frequencies (fo)

The actual number of individuals observed in each category of a sample.

Degrees of Freedom (df) for Chi-Square Test

Calculated as the number of categories minus one (df = C - 1).

Chi-Square Statistic (x2)

A statistic that measures how well observed frequencies fit the expected frequencies.

Effect Size (Cohen's w)

A measure used to indicate the magnitude of the effect in chi-square tests.

Coefficient of Determination (r2)

The proportion of variance in one variable that can be explained by another variable; derived from the square of the correlation.