DCUSH Final

What were Lincoln's goals at the end of the Civil War and his Reconstruction Plan?

Lincoln wanted to reunite the Union quickly and peacefully. His 10% Plan allowed Southern states to rejoin if 10% of voters pledged loyalty and accepted emancipation.

What was the Radical Republicans' Reconstruction Plan?

They wanted to punish the South and ensure civil rights for freedmen. Their plan included military occupation of the South and required states to ratify the 14th Amendment before rejoining the Union.

What was the role of the Freedmen's Bureau during Reconstruction?

It assisted former slaves and poor whites by providing food, housing, education, and legal help.

What led to Andrew Johnson becoming the first president impeached?

He violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, challenging Radical Republicans' authority.

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?

To encourage westward expansion by offering 160 acres of free land to settlers who would farm it for five years.

What was Andrew Carnegie know for

steel

What was John D. Rockefeller known for?

oil

What was Cornelius Vanderbilt known for?

Railroads

What was J.P. Morgan known for?

banking and finance

What were the goals of the labor unions during the Gilded Age?

Better wages, shorter work hours, and safer working conditions.

Why did African Americans migrate north after the Civil War? What is it this migration process called?

To escape racism and find jobs; it's called the Great Migration.

Know the historical lineage and goals of the Gilded Age Populist (People's) Party.

It formed in response to agrarian distress. Goals included bimetallism, direct election of senators, and regulation of railroads.

Who was Booker T. Washington?

was a supporter of equal rights for African Americans. He taught himself to read and worked in coal mines. He founded the Tuskegee Institute.

What was Booker T. Washington approach to helping African Americans progress in society?

He promoted vocational education and economic self-reliance before pushing for civil rights.

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, it asserted the U.S. right to intervene in Latin American nations to maintain stability.

Communication advances in the 1920s

Radio became widespread, movies with sound emerged, and mass advertising grew.

What was the Scopes Monkey Trial?

A trial over teaching evolution in schools; symbolized science vs. religion debate.

When was President Coolidge president and how is his presidency characterized?

He was president around 1923-1929; characterized by laissez-faire economics and limited government interference in business.

Cause of 1929 Stock Market Crash

Speculation, buying on margin, and lack of regulation led to an unsustainable bubble.

What was President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression?

He believed in limited government intervention and promoted voluntary cooperation.

Know about labor during WWII.

Labor was highly mobilized for war production; women and minorities entered the workforce in large numbers.

Know what the Bracero Program was and its purpose.

It was a U.S.- Mexico agreement to bring Mexicans laborers to work on American farms during labor shortage

Know about Joseph McCarthy and the Second Red Scare

McCarthy accused many of communist ties without evidence, creating widespread fear and blacklists.

What was Truman's Fair Deal?

A set of domestic reforms including national health insurance, civil rights legislation, and education funding.

Know the migration patterns of the 1950s.

Suburbanization increased; white families moved to suburbs while African Americans migrated to urban centers.

What was the United States' policy toward the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

Containment—preventing the spread of communism.

What was the Marshall Plan?

A U.S. program that gave economic aid to rebuild Western Europe after WWII.

What was President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society? Know specific programs created.

A domestic agenda to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. Programs included Medicare, Medicaid, and Head Start.

Know about the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and its significance.

Allowed President Johnson to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war, escalating U.S. involvement.

What was the Tet Offensive?

A Massive surprise attack on over 100 different places in South Vietnam.

How did the Tet offensive impact Americans' perception of the U.S. role in the Vietnam War?

it eroded U.S. public support for the war by showing it was far from over.

Brown v. Board of Education

A 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Know non-violent protests used during the Civil Rights movement.

Sit-ins, freedom rides, marches (e.g., Selma to Montgomery), and boycotts like the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Who were the Black Panthers?

they were a militant black power group. They urged African-Americans to arm themselves and confront white society in order to force whites to grant them equal rights.

What was President Richard Nixon's approach to the Cold War?

Détente: easing tensions with the USSR and opening diplomatic relations with China.

What happened at Kent State University in May 1970? What was the event at Kent a reaction to?

National Guardsmen shot and killed four students during protests. It was a reaction to President Richard Nixon announcing that the U.S. had expanded the Vietnam war by invading Cambodia.

Know the foreign policy issues Jimmy Carter faced while president and how these impacted his presidency.

His issues includes the Iran Hostage Crisis, which made him appear weak, and had energy issues tied to oil embargoes and inflation.

Know the context surrounding the formation of OPEC in the 1970s.

OPEC, led by Middle Eastern nations, used oil as a political tool, causing U.S. fuel shortages and inflation.

What was Reaganomics and its goals?

It was a economic policy involving tax cuts, deregulation, and reducing government spending to stimulate growth.

Know about the Iran-Contra Affair.

It was a secret U.S. deal to sell arms to Iran and fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua, violating Congress's ban on such aid.

What was NAFTA?

North American Free Trade Agreement (1994) created a free trade zone between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico

Briefly explain ONE specific historical effect of either the Korean War or the Vietnam War on United States society.

The Vietnam War led to widespread distrust in government, especially after the Tet Offensive and the release of the Pentagon Papers, which revealed government dishonesty. It also sparked massive anti-war movements and changed U.S. foreign policy, contributing to the War Powers Act of 1973, which limited presidential war powers.

16th Amendment

income tax

17th amendment

Direct election of senators

18th amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote (suffrage)