ANT101 Lecture 15 - Early Hominins II

Flashcards based on the lecture notes for ANT101 focusing on early hominins, their physical features, tool-making capabilities, and significant archaeological findings.

What are some uniquely human features identified in early hominins?

Extremely large brain, anatomical features associated with bipedalism, very small canines, relatively flat faces, ability to modify raw materials into tools, chin, ability to learn and invent language.

Where were the oldest stone tools discovered and how old are they?

The oldest stone tools were discovered in Lomekwi, Kenya, and are approximately 3.3 million years old.

What is the significance of the Lomekwian tool culture?

The Lomekwian tool culture involved a very simple tool-making technique that used the hammer and anvil method.

When did the genus Homo emerge, and what are some of its characteristics?

The genus Homo emerged around 2.3 million years ago and is characterized by larger, more rounded brain cases, less projecting faces, smaller teeth, and more efficient bipedalism.

Who was Homo habilis, and what does the name mean?

Homo habilis, meaning 'Handy Man', was first discovered in 1964 and is associated with simple stone tools.

What is the significance of Olduvai Gorge in hominin research?

Olduvai Gorge provides extensive information on hominins due to its significant geological context and the numerous fossils and archaeological artifacts found.

What tools are associated with Homo habilis?

Homo habilis is associated with simple stone tools known as Oldowan tools, dating back to around 2.5 million years ago.

What is the debate regarding the classification of Homo habilis?

There is debate on whether Homo habilis should be classified as Australopithecus or as a separate species within Homo due to insufficient evidence of its distinct features.

What major geological features contribute to Olduvai's importance as a fossil site?

Faulting, rapid sedimentation, and volcanic activity which provides material for radiometric dating.

What defining traits are associated with Homo erectus?

Homo erectus is characterized by larger brain size, more advanced tools, and more efficient bipedal bodies, adapting successfully outside Africa.