12b. Female Reproductive System

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Last updated 3:59 PM on 5/15/25

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65 Terms

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Ovaries ( singular: ovary )

structure

almond sized glands

<p><strong>almond sized </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>glands</strong></span></p>

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Ovaries

exocrine function?

releases eggs ( oocytes ) that it produced

( ovulation )

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Ovaries

endocrine function?

secretes

estrogen
progesterone

hormones into bloodstream

<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>secretes</strong></span></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>estrogen</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>progesterone</strong></span></p></li></ul><p>hormones into bloodstream</p><p></p>

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Estrogen
Progesterone

both help

regulate menstrual cycle
develop female sex characteristics

<ul><li><p><span style="color: green"><strong>regulate</strong></span> <span style="color: blue"><strong>menstrual cycle</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: green"><strong>develop</strong></span> <span style="color: blue"><strong>female sex characteristics</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcS_hK_hFBBTaTy7wxX2p7quuoNNXMMeEl2DYAXCWi0FGHAgYb8ort--AMTVQ7EVwHtAt26hLkll_-2Ub40nExWcs7pyjoKKuQcTlmMWyXVb2MehreB9e7Jh9o_HMG9nqHVMqfg?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXf957vntIKIAiRZKzk2xwDB8aoRdvjymNOJuJS8t_sasSQ8bvFTgAn8pW2OGo75qOBk_tpGqpwireZwxGqpjnwAgMvkbOQQaGrl_8U1W272oQh9Z84hguRL72RdPZoRUj8Qh8eyiw?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="25%" data-align="center"></li></ul><p></p>

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3 Ligaments of the Ovaries?

Ovarian Ligament
Suspensory Ligament
Broad Ligament

<ul><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>Ovarian</strong></span><strong> Ligament</strong></p></li><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>Suspensory</strong></span><strong> Ligament</strong></p></li><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>Broad</strong></span><strong> Ligament</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

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Ovarian Ligament

connects

( medial side of ) ovaries to uterus

<p>( medial side of ) <span style="color: blue"><strong>ovaries</strong></span><strong> to </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>uterus</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXc6ugEusk1rCeQVNY7NPudhWphZcHADMkvNdt9Rv4C_WJceIbRsaXv4uAN9KVF331g2ZNs1Oas8XfWvUGY8W1sSbtqQLrFu1kv2D8buz3koC5a6-d9fZCQm01hvtoDs3Zy-ZbNU?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Suspensory Ligament

connects

ovaries to pelvic sidewall

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>ovaries</strong></span><strong> to </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>pelvic</strong></span><strong> </strong><span style="color: green"><strong>side</strong></span><span style="color: blue"><strong>wall </strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcDcWkF8lPYHhUNaAKV7A4G2dmPG4UCpZaDPaUisJ_JJlc13AFvHJej879g4IW7qQKBrN3C1GnRU29dxSswqyu0fr93KUUmjjfVn2e3G54QCrzRtUxsmlFx9PZ3utXCJsNGkJ3pyw?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Broad Ligament

anchors

( lateral side of ) ovaries to pelvic wall

<p>( lateral side of ) <span style="color: blue"><strong>ovaries</strong></span><strong> to </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>pelvic wall</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXc6ugEusk1rCeQVNY7NPudhWphZcHADMkvNdt9Rv4C_WJceIbRsaXv4uAN9KVF331g2ZNs1Oas8XfWvUGY8W1sSbtqQLrFu1kv2D8buz3koC5a6-d9fZCQm01hvtoDs3Zy-ZbNU?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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<p><strong>Parts of the </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>Fallopian ( Uterine ) Tube</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXe8t-vK8WblyWpAy1r3-Qx8BHIq7EuSMDkNrHXOi6HXCOvxxTDf8ZpW3KS0VrVli0fD2cbJZTwaQFvnFgMNHpg88LFI9T9dQWyn6KRRx4cLUfSJPI8kVLBMBLpPIbPGRIxQoWOyTA?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p>→ next card</p>

Parts of the Fallopian ( Uterine ) Tube

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<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>Sections</strong></span> of <strong>Fallopian ( Uterine ) Tube? </strong></p>

Sections of Fallopian ( Uterine ) Tube?

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

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Infundibulum

location

portion of tube closest to the ovaries

<p><strong>portion of tube</strong><span style="color: blue"><strong> closest to the ovaries</strong></span></p>

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Infundibulum

is _____ shaped

funnel shaped

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>funnel</strong></span> <strong>shaped</strong></p>

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Infundibulum

contains

fimbriae

<p><strong>f</strong><span><strong>imbriae</strong></span></p>

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Fimbriae

are

cilia-covered finger-like projections

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>cilia</strong></span><strong>-covered finger-like </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>projections</strong></span></p>

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Fimbriae

function

pushes/guides the egg in one direction

( egg is immobile so it helps LAUNCH it into fallopian tube from ovaries )

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Ampulla

location

longest middle portion of tube

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>longest middle </strong></span><strong>portion of tube</strong></p>

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Ampulla

is the

most common site of fertilization

( where sperm implants into egg to form a zygote )

<p><span style="color: green"><strong>most common site</strong></span><strong> of </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>fertilization</strong></span></p><p>( where sperm implants into egg to form a zygote )</p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXe9T81w03hfCGQifmQgl32IqSg53fpsksB89csavv6IaBh9gMuz0xiv98_1N1n_MhT4GtyLIFqjvzZbnJpswt620KajqDOXFFR9FPQ9fu7b_LU8CLbkNA4HLgIekkghwSqjho5TnA?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Isthmus

location

narrow portion of tube closer to the uterus

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>narrow</strong></span><strong> portion of tube</strong><span style="color: blue"><strong> closer to the uterus</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcRnrdanHmCnVWt1pRJurm6IzKUnf7Af1nZiw6TbEgpg-Rd1NdXAbi9MUCdGkni1A_bbYhJrpoVi2N70W2tlEpKhAUkzLatNJqemdtpFOAWftslBJyCDC7IDegmNMdWAOUiPHRY?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Intramural Part

location

where fallopian tube meets the uterus

<p>where <span style="color: blue"><strong>fallopian tube</strong></span> <span style="color: green"><strong>meets</strong></span> the <span style="color: blue"><strong>uterus</strong></span> </p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdzXRrK2F2SG5-cJ0-u90GjxoN-hCi0bvsEM2oTVD5SMAwrn0ehJSLZFbgI5iR1lFTcxMFDOaWu0RJmaPSlfVfX8bB7UVGvbRBUR3bdAAp_aBWjRME7TzdxReVnFfRgOlDJ3hmeuQ?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Uterus

structure

muscular chamber

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Uterus

opens into the

vagina

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Uterus

function

nurtures developing fetus

<p><span style="color: green"><strong>nurtures</strong></span><strong> </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>developing fetus </strong></span></p>

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3 Regions of the Uterus?

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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Fundus

structure

dome shaped top

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>dome</strong></span><strong> shaped </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>top</strong></span><strong> </strong></p>

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Body

is the

main area where implantation ( of zygote into uterus wall ) occurs

<p><strong>main area</strong> where <span style="color: blue"><strong>implantation</strong></span> ( of zygote into uterus wall ) occurs</p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdye4SH2JHNpyAodtLDbOKL7i-9tCfCSEaGUu7gb2vzTa43Slrf6cToBZNVb3RIN-INZJDFXbmaZw8oZwvrbiWbE9SczDtVZpTp25eHy2tQRX-pT1pX6El8ghJ1s_AWIDOE6b71?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="25%" data-align="center"><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdUFvEhWshnhz777yXLn1T4e6GbVXC6MLeY3xel0uZh1_IG1FB0fXlPQCDwRjAg1eSnAoae2bZAmb0LK91Uy1SCbyR5dLp-pBXPobcfWBsOpOaK46DX0tJgQQGbmieTEOeR1lug7g?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="25%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Cervix

structure

narrow lower portion

→ that opens into vagina

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Cervical Glands

secrete

muscus

→ to lubricate vagina

_{( vagina has no glands itself )}

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>muscus</strong></span> </p><p>→ to<strong> </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>lubricate vagina</strong></span></p><p><sub>( vagina has no glands itself )</sub></p>

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3 Layers of Uterus Wall?

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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Perimetrium

location

outer layer

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>outer</strong></span><strong> layer</strong></p>

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Perimetrium

is made of

connective tissue

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Perimetrium

is continuous with the

broad ligament

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Myometrium

location

middle layer

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>middle</strong></span><strong> layer</strong></p>

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Myometrium

is made of

very thick muscle

<p><span style="color: green"><strong>very thick</strong></span><strong> </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>muscle</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcR1fc0lYvFhUGweBaV20PRIrgG-8dbCmAIeJGZKxJiyk-QrnuiVm1Tiqe8HOHxqDBdUDf-Hl_4zyWQ8b-tBLUSH2TjyTDEOMKNViY7bKeitrofO-sr47LrDpjQxbvcJ0bKWNrIww?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="25%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Myometrium

streches when

fetus is growing

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Myometrium

contracts strongly during

labor

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Endometrium

location

inner layer

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>inner</strong></span><strong> layer</strong></p>

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Endometrium

function

sheds during menstruation

→ regenerates after

<p><span style="color: red"><strong>sheds</strong></span><strong> during </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>menstruation</strong></span></p><p><strong>→ </strong><span style="color: green"><strong>regenerates</strong></span><strong> after</strong></p>

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Rugae ( ridges )

location

walls of vagina

<p><strong>walls</strong> of <span style="color: blue"><strong>vagina</strong></span> </p>

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Rugae of Vagina

function

help provide friction during sex

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Vagina

function

discharge of menstrual fluid
recipient of penis and semen
canal for baby

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Female External Genitalia

is called the

vulva

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Parts of the External Genitalia

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Mon Pubis

location

mound of fat over the pubic bone

<p><strong>mound of fat </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>over the pubic bone</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeLB51uLgXHtOEYidmbIS6trR8EqLYhfGMkshHO8MVxNZhQH16uFlm4r54Fi0bOeY7ERCe0I4Fh5PIFHCC4sFQcQY41Nddz7kfRpaPWLuxmLqe7MOp84pMZNj8zdAOtpxU0wtmM?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="25%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Mon Pubis

contains

fatty tissue
hair

<ul><li><p><strong>fatty tissue</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>hair </strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

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Labia Majora

is the

outer lips

( folds of skin )

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Labia Majora

contains

fatty tissue
hair

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Labia Minora

is the

inner lips

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Labia Minora

contains

NO fatty tissue

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Labia Minora

what does it have?

oil glands
sweat glands

that lubricate and protect vulva from irritation

(extra: plus helps support a healthy pH and microbial environment! )

<ul><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>oil</strong></span><strong> </strong><span style="color: green"><strong>glands</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: blue"><strong>sweat</strong></span><strong> </strong><span style="color: green"><strong>glands</strong></span></p><p></p></li></ul><p><span><strong>that </strong></span><span style="color: #000000"><strong>lubricate and protect vulva</strong></span><span><strong> from irritation </strong></span></p><p><span><br>(extra: plus helps support a healthy pH and microbial environment! ) </span></p><p></p>

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Vestibule

location

space between labia minora

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>space between</strong></span> <strong>labia minora </strong></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXc8XZKyJ8mbLohcjwIy8qBSmsh0SiJ1pmZ0129cayYR0gejtP2yKGBI0cfz5q9kxf3dvrbljUUOJE0K-pu3E7lFoXi5fiSzsFFt1iUWIvBUDrCbQfGqLFBUPl_VSZKui-v_8ybO?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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2 Structures found IN the Vestibule?

Ciltoris
Vestibular Glands

<ul><li><p><strong>Ciltoris </strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Vestibular Glands</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

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Ciltoris

is made of

erectile tissue

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reminder

Erectile tissue is specialized tissue

→ that fills with blood when stimulated

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Ciltoris

function

provides sexual stimulation
promotes egg fertilization

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Ciltoris

contains

Prepuce
Glans
Body
Crura ( female crus )
Bulbs

<ul><li><p><strong>Prepuce</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Glans</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Body</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Crura ( female crus )</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Bulbs</strong></p><p></p></li></ul><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXeuI2u9ubZRrjONMVF80BnvoB6mlSGvwIl9A21nsl72l0yN3lONpbjLlibi3FzCR4agC6SQ2NbqgYCAuyuiNG7MBwvwiahD1EjIYPFe6LpJGfvFgs_dYV8J6jAhyyznfuKCRZzt3Q?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="25%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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Glans

of the ciltoris is the

visible part! ( external )

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Prepuce

is also known as the

ciltoral hood

( loose skin covering head of ciltorus )

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Crura ( Crus )

are formed when

the ciltoral body diverges

( internal )

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Vestibular Glands

secrete

lubrication into vaginal canal

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Vestibular Bulbs

are made of

erectile tissue

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Vestibular Bulbs

location

deep to labia majora

<p><span style="color: blue"><strong>deep</strong></span><strong> to </strong><span style="color: blue"><strong>labia majora</strong></span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXfHiaYTuoLaUwfq4HB0Q2BZdHY4L6qMouF4gU68C4ysCkTSuCFfsZjorIaNGXav4yMVFXyZmcM04EMnDB-tli8gY1BDyeWC3SGboa86sn05edaqsEc_JziZnjP-DosD2IUVGa2k?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

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reminder

Crura ( Crus )
Blub

both contain

rich amounts of sensory + motor nerve endings

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Vestibular Bulbs

function during intercouse

tightens vaginal opening
increases sensitivity
( it has a lot of nerve endings like the penis bulb! )
( is where “g-spot” is! )

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★ note

these vids are SUPER helpful!!

( especially for the ciltorus! )

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<p><u>extra</u><br><span style="color: blue"><strong>ciltoris </strong></span>is like the women’s version of the<span style="color: blue"> <strong>penis!</strong></span></p><ul><li><p class=""><span style="color: green"><strong>They both have:</strong></span></p><ul><li><p class=""><strong>Erectile tissue</strong> (the clitoris has corpora cavernosa, just like the penis’s corpus cavernosum)</p></li><li><p class=""><strong>A glans</strong> (that little nub you see externally on the clitoris is the glans—just like the head of the penis)</p></li><li><p class=""><strong>A prepuce</strong> (yep, the clitoral <em>hood</em> = foreskin equivalent)</p></li><li><p class=""><strong>Crura ( Crus ) </strong>and <strong>bulbs</strong> that engorge with blood during arousal</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: green"><strong>Key difference?</strong></span></p></li></ul><p class="">The <strong>clitoris doesn’t have a urethra running through it</strong>, and its <strong>main job is pleasure</strong>—it has around <strong>8,000 nerve endings</strong>, which is more than <em>any</em> other human body part. (Yes, more than the penis. Sorry fellas.) <span data-name="grinning_face_with_sweat" data-type="emoji">😅</span><span data-name="fire" data-type="emoji">🔥</span></p><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXf81sAuY_qjfFWuP4w9I6cJUw8U8GUpvOCsQ17qvKxHkKWm-5NanKl-4jcLyDzRXPp425niz7mIwdROdg174zG3j7xtdUineF7cgiyGMnMMzLJzpzpF6BYXZVOTAGknldbsWqflAQ?key=0NmS09b7DSVt44FZoYhqRUdh" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>

extra
ciltoris is like the women’s version of the penis!

They both have:
- Erectile tissue (the clitoris has corpora cavernosa, just like the penis’s corpus cavernosum)
- A glans (that little nub you see externally on the clitoris is the glans—just like the head of the penis)
- A prepuce (yep, the clitoral hood = foreskin equivalent)
- Crura ( Crus ) and bulbs that engorge with blood during arousal

Key difference?

The clitoris doesn’t have a urethra running through it, and its main job is pleasure—it has around 8,000 nerve endings, which is more than any other human body part. (Yes, more than the penis. Sorry fellas.) 😅🔥