Fertilization

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6 Terms

1
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Define fertilization

Fusion of two gametes to form a diploid zygote that restores chromosome number, determines genetic sex, and initiates cleavage

2
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Where and when does fertilization typically occur?

In the ampulla (widest part, 1st 3rd) of the uterine tube; the oocyte is viable ~24 hours after ovulation and sperm up to 3–4 days

3
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What is capacitation?

Physiological conditioning of sperm in the female tract that removes glycoprotein coat and enables fertilization; takes several hours

4
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What are the three phases of fertilization?

Corona radiata penetration, zona pellucida penetration (acrosome reaction), and fusion of sperm and oocyte membranes/pronuclei

5
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What prevents polyspermy after one sperm penetrates the oocyte?

Immediate hardening of the zona pellucida after acrosome-mediated penetration prevents additional sperm entry

6
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What is the zygote?

The single diploid cell formed after fusion of sperm and ovum pronuclei