psychopathology book unit 1 terms

psychopathology

The scientific study of mental difficulties or disorders, including their explanations, causes, progression, symptoms, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. The word also is used as a synonym for the disorders (or symptoms) themselves.

clinical scientist

gather information systematically so that they can describe, predict, and explain the phenomena they study

clinical practitioners

role is to detect, assess, and treat patterns of psychopathology

norms

stated and unshared rules for proper conduct

social norms grow from what

culture

eccentricities

unusual patterns with which others have no right to interfere

cultural humility

a process of ongoing discovery and self-reflection in which professionals continuously examine their own beliefs and cultural identities

treatment

A systematic procedure designed to change dysfunctional behavior into more functional behavior. Also called therapy

therapy

A systematic process for helping people overcome their psychological problems. Therapy consists of a client (patient), a trained therapist, and a series of contacts between them.

therapy has to have all three features according to Jerome Frank

A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer.

A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and the sufferer’s social group.

A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer … tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior.

Trephination

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull to treat severe psychopathology.

• Some historians have concluded that this early operation was performed as a treatment for severe psychopathology, either hallucinations, in which people saw or heard things not actually present, or melancholia, characterized by extreme sadness and immobility

exorcism

he idea was to coax the evil spirits to leave or to make the person’s body an uncomfortable place in which to live

humors

According to the early Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning.

community mental health programs

Gheel was the forerunner and it continues to demonstrate that people with psychological disorders can respond to loving care and respectful treatment

asylums

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most asylums became virtual prisons.

moral treatment

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment. (methods used by panel and turke)

sate hospitals

Dorthea Dix

State-run public mental institutions in the United States

Somatogenic perspective

The view that psychopathology has physical causes.

psychogenic perspective

the view that the chief causes of psychopathology are often psychological factors.

psychoanalysis

Either the theory or the treatment of psychopathology that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychological dysfunction.

psychotropic medications

drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of psychological dysfunction

• 1950s ish had the antipsychotic drugs and anti anxiety drug

Deinstitutionalization

The practice of releasing patients from public mental hospitals; begun in the 1960s with the release of hundreds of thousands of patients.

private psychotherapy

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services

prevention

nterventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop.

positive psychology

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

multicultural psychology

The field that seeks to understand how the varied histories, opportunities, and barriers experienced by people of different races, ethnicities, genders, sexual orientations, abilities, languages, and other such factors affect behavior, emotion, and thought.

managed care program

Health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services.

telmental health

The use of remote technologies, such as long-distance videoconferencing, to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present.