CLCV115 Objective Exam #2

Zeus Parents

Kronos and Rhea

Zeus spouse

Hera

Zeus functions

king of the gods, storm god, guardian of justice

Zeus Sanctuaries

Mt Olympia, Nemea

Zeus animal/attributes

eagle, scepter, thunderbolt, throne

Hera parents

Hera’s function

earth goddess, queen of the gods, childbirth and marriage

Hera animal and attributes

cow, peacock, polos, next to Zeus, veil

Poseidon parents

Kronos and Rhea

Poseidon Spouse

Amphitrite

Poseidon animal and attribute

horse, trident

Demeter Parents

Kronos and Rhea

Demeter function

agriculture (created the seasons)

demeter attribute

staff of wheat

Apollo Parents

Zeus and Leto (artemis twin)

Apollo functions

wolves, music, poetry, archery, sun, medicine, prophecy

Apollo animal and attribute

dolphin, lyre, bow and quiver

Artemis Parents

Zeus and Leto (apollo twin)

artemis functions

childbirth, fertility, moon, hunt, animals

Artemis animal and attribute

deer/stag, bear, bow & quiver, diana crescent

Athena parents

Zeus (from his brain) and Metis

Athena function

protects Minoans, protector of heroes, wisdom, crafts

Athena animal and attributes

owl, armor, spear, aegis, next to a hero

Hestia parents

Kronos and Rhea

hestia function

not an Olympian anymore, used to be hearth fire

Hermes parents

Zeus and Maia

Hermes Function

messenger of the gods, thieves, merchants, magic(tricksters), and dead souls

Hermes animal and attribute

ram, caduceus, winged hat and boots

Ares parents

Hera (and Zeus)

ares function

war

Ares animal and attribute

wolf, armor

Hephaestus parents

Zeus and Hera

Hephaestus function

volcanoes, metallurgy, forgery

Hephaestus animal and attributes

forceps, and double axe

Aphrodite parents

Zeus and Dione, OR Ouranos’ genitals

Aphrodite function

goddess of love

Aphrodite attributes and animals

dove, swan, cupid, erotes

Dionysus Parents

Zeus’ thigh (+Semele)

Dionysus function

vegetation, vines, wine

Dionysus animal and attributes

cats, satyrs, silenus, vine leaves, maenads/baccants

Geometric Period (900-700 BC)

When Greek vase paintings started becoming popular

Orientalizing Period (700-600 BC)

bronze shields, Zeus greek vases

Archaic Period (600 -480 BC)

Black FIgure Art style, where clay was orange and everything else was painted in black and scratched in design

Classical Period(480-400BC)

red figure art style, everything was painted balck but the people. Also democracy, theater, philosophy, etc

Fourth Century Period (399-323BC)

Zeus and Fertility period

Hellenistic Period (323-146BC)

Alexander the great dies after conquering a lot of the world

Roman Period(146BC-330AD)

Byzantine empire, then turks take over. Use coins with consistent iconography for trade, Roman’s conquered lots of places

Medieval Period (330-1400 AD)

Idea of euhemerism, mortal men and women who were later recognized as gods

Renaissance(1400-1600 AD)

Age of artowkr, ie michaelangelo

Baroque Period (1600-1750AD)

era with lots of granduer and drama evident in music, literature, and architecture

Neoclassical Period (1750-1850 AD)

western culture movement where the world moved back to lots of Greek and Roman ideas

Modern Period (1850-present)

our time right now, age of technological advancements

Mt. Olympus

The place where the 12 olympians live

ambrosia and nectar

food of the gods that helps to keep them “immortal”

ichor

the blood-like substance that flows through the veins of the gods

pantheon

the collective group of gods and goddesses in greek mythology and religion

omnipotent

a word that does not apply to the gods, all powerful

omniscient

all knowing, a word that doesn’t apply to the gods

gigantomachy

a fight for control between the olympians and the giants, where Hercules was called in to help them win

Dyaus

hindu version of Zeus, the storm god

Argive Heraion

the largest sanctuary for Hera in Argos because she claimed to be the protector of Argos

Eileithyia

one of Hera and Zeus’ children that was the goddess of childbirth who often did much of her mothers bidding

Hebe

the virgin aspect of Hera also known as goddess of youth

Kanathos

a valley used in dedication of Hera and the Great Goddess, and contained a spring where Hera bathed to reclaim her virginity each year

Iris

seen as the personal messenger for Hera but also a messenger for Olympians with her rainbow

Pegasus

Poseidon’s animals as the god of horses

Hippocrene

thalassa

feminine version as goddess of the sea

Mt. Helicon

Telesterion

a sanctuary in Eleusis that was dedicated to the worship of persephone and demeter

Triptolemus

a hero in mythology who aided Demeter in her search for Persephone

Hyperboreans

the race of people that worshipped apollo and founded his shrines

Pythia

refers to apollo’s success over slaying the python at Delphi (tripods)

potnia theron

name given to aphrodite, mistress of the animals

Leto

Artemis’s mother who was punished by Hera to only be able to give birth on Delos to both Artemis and Apollo

Mt. Cynthus

the reason why Delos is so sacred and linked to Artemis

Metis

woman who is impregnated by Zeus, then swallowed by him so Athena is born from his brain

erechtheion

non rectangular temple on the Acropolis in Athens —> dedicated to Athena and Poseidon

Parthenon

the virgin temple meant to worhsip athena

gorgoneion

representation of the head of Medusa, usually worn on Athena’s head/breastplate

megaron

the original intent of the goddess hestia, because of the hearth community that existed there- king of megaron was pylos

Herm

pile of stones or stone pillar

pleiades

the star cluster from which Hermes’ mother (a star goddesss) is from

sparagamos

A way to worship Dionysus by ripping an animal up to be ready for sacrifice

omophagy

eating raw animal flesh- used as a part of a worship for dionysus

Satyr

often pictuerd with dionysus, half goat half human

Silenus

drunk overwieght being often pictured with dionysus

Maenad

woman who is a follower of Dionysus with thyrsus(staff with vines wrapped around)

pergamon altar

a large carving depicting the battle between the gods and giants in Gigantomachy

Hecate

Goddess of sorcery and witchcraft in the underworld, usually accompanied by dogs anda torch

Styx

river of hatred in the underworld

Acheron

river of woe/sadness in the underworld

Cocytus

river of lamentation(mourning) in underworld

katabasis

term for a heroes descent into the underworld

charon

ferryman into the underworld who takes you across the styx on a ferry