15: sociocultural constraints

the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society

Sociology

the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group

Culture

group attitudes that affect motor behaviors of an individual

Sociocultural constraints

Culturally specific concepts about movement behaviors are often reinforced by

media

Family, peers, coaches, teachers

socializing agents

Games, play, environment, toys

social situations

Strength, skills, motivation, perceived ability

personal attributes

Pervasive group attitudes, values, morals, that influence behaviors of individuals within the group

social constraints

People and situations influence individuals in their choice of activities throughout their lives

socialization process

Influential or important people

socializing agents

Personal attributes act as

individual constraints

Socializing agents often encourage children to participate in _ activities

gender-appropriate

Societal attitudes about gender-appropriate activities can restrict _ for boys and girls

physical activity options

Girls are more likely to drop out of sport after

high school

More boys and girls select _ sports

gender-neutral

Constraint to girls’ participation was ____ rather than _____ constraint

sociocultural, individual

Parental influence is most important during

early childhood

____ of child and parent matters

gender

Fathers tend to reinforce gender typing in

boys

_ parent may be more influential

same-sex

Siblings constitute a child’s first

playgroup

As a person leaves childhood, _ influence tends to diminish

sibling

Peer groups are important after

childhood

Peers provide a strong influence for

group activities

Research is inconclusive regarding ____ role in socialization

coaches

Research suggest coaches act to ___ existing socialization patterns

reinforce

Teacher and coaches must avoid providing _ socialization, which discourages participation

aversive

A good coach can facilitate a lifetime of

positive experiences

In adolescence, ____ become extremely important

peer groups

Play environments and games can act as by encouraging children to be active or inactive

constraints

Lack of adequate space can diminish opportunities for ___ gross motor activity

Parents can promote gender typing by negatively reinforcing play with toys they judge to be

gender inappropriate

Biologically based and related to genetic similarities

racial

Culturally based and relate to cultural similarities that connect groups

ethicity

Negative social forces on physical activity are more apparent in

women

Age barriers concerning societal expectations toward active participation in adulthood

ageism

Many older adults are forced into a life of

inactivity