Imperialsim

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other

countries politically, socially, and economically.

IRRN

Four Motives for Imperialism: Industrialization, Religion,

Racism, Nationalism

Nationalism

Pride in your country/group (cause of imperialism)

Industrialization

Process by which countries' economies shift from

hand-production in homes to machine-production in factories (cause of imperialism)

Christianity

Religion that Europeans wanted to spread to rest of world

(cause of imperialism)

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another (cause of imperialism)

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of

the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of

European nations agreed on the colonization of Africa (No Africans were present at the meeting)

Scramble for

Africa

Race for Europeans to take over African land

Raw materials/Natural Resources

Materials in ground that can be used in factories back in

industrialized imperialist countries

Markets

Places where goods can be bought and sold (in imperialism=colonies)

British East India

Company

British company that had indirect control over India before

the Sepoy Mutiny

Indirect control

Type of control that British East India Company had over

India

Sepoy Mutiny

The uprising of Indian soldiers against British soldiers due to the refusal to accept new rifles because they were greased with pork (against the Muslim religion) and greased with beef (against the Hindi religion) as they considered the cow sacred.

Direct Control

When the British government had oversight over India

(replacing the British East India Company after the Sepoy Mutiny)

Two main religions in India

Hindu and Islam

Sepoy

Indian soldier that served the British East India Company army

Opium

Highly-addictive drug that British smuggled into China

Opium Wars

Wars between Great Britain and China over the illegal

opium trade, won by Great Britain

Treaty of Nanjing

"unequal treaty" to end Opium War in which China had to accept British terms for peace (opening ports to trade, giving British traders special rights and privileges)

Extraterritoriality

Foreign residents in a country living under the laws of their native country, disregarding the laws of the host country. 19th/Early 20th Centuries: European and US nationals in certain areas of China had these rights

Spheres of Influence

Areas in which foreign countries have some political and

economic control (ex: Europe, Japan, USA in China)

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society

of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils".

Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

(Chinese and Japanese foreign policy prior to imperialism)

Japan's Geographical Disadvantage

Lacked natural resources

Matthew Perry

commodore of the US Navy who opened up Japan to trade

with the Treaty of Kanagawa

Tokugawa

Shogunate

Japanese ruling dynasty (before Meiji Restoration) that

strove to isolate it from foreign influences

Meiji Restoration

The political program that followed the destruction of the

Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of

young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization,

industrialization, and imperialism.

Russo-Japanese

War

(1904-1905) War between Russia and Japan over imperial possessions. Japan emerges victorious and controls Manchuria.

Sino-Japanese

War

(1894-1895) Japan's imperialistic war against China to

gain control of natural resources and markets for their

goods-->Gives Japan more control in East Asia

White Man's Bur-

den

idea that many European countries had a duty to spread

their religion and culture to those less civilized

Colony

a country or area under the full or partial political control

of another country, typically a distant one

Treaty of Kanagawa

1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed

to open two ports to American ships (thanks to Matthew

Perry's visit)

Open-Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL

nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Jewel in the

Crown

the British colony of India--- so called because of its importance in the British empire, both as a supplier of raw

materials and as a market for British trade goods

King Leopold

King of Belgium who began imperialistic trade inside of

Africa which resulted in the Scramble for Africa and many

human rights abuses in the Congo