Civil war and reconstruction test review sheet

14th Amendment - Section 1

Establishes citizenship for those born or naturalized in the U.S. and mandates equal treatment of all citizens under the law.

14th Amendment - Section 2

Explains how states earn representation in Congress, and reduces representation if a state denies the vote to male citizens.

14th Amendment - Section 3

Bans former Confederate leaders from holding office unless Congress approves.

14th Amendment - Section 4

Declares the Union's war debts must be paid, while Confederate debts are illegal, and no compensation is given for lost enslaved people.

Emancipation Proclamation

Changed the Civil War's purpose from preserving the Union to ending slavery and allowed African Americans to serve in the Union army.

President of the Confederacy

Jefferson Davis.

Events after Lincoln's election

Southern states seceded, forming the Confederate States of America, which led to rising tensions and the Civil War.

Lincoln’s Plan after secession

Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan aimed for quick reconstruction by requiring only 10% of voters in a seceded state to swear loyalty to the emancipation.

States that seceded

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

Start of the Civil War

The war began in April 1861 when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter.

Significance of the 1866 Congressional election

Significance is the congress has the power to override the vetos, congress makes the decisions. 

Reconstruction control

After 1867, Congress controlled the Reconstruction of the South.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the U.S., ratified in 1865, making it illegal except as punishment for a crime.

15th Amendment

Ratified in 1870, granted African American men the right to vote, prohibiting voting discrimination based on race.

Rebuilding lives after the Civil War

African Americans built schools and churches, voted, held political office, worked for wages or became sharecroppers, and reunited families.

End of Reconstruction

Ended in 1877 due to Northern fatigue, economic focus after the Panic of 1873, and the Compromise of 1877.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Created in 1865 to help formerly enslaved people and poor whites by providing education, food, and negotiating contracts.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist terrorist organization founded in 1865 that used violence to intimidate African Americans and stop Reconstruction.

Radical Republicans

A faction in the Republican Party that advocated for strict Reconstruction policies and civil rights for formerly enslaved African Americans.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction.

Scalawags

White Southerners who supported the Republican Party during Reconstruction.