Pharm exam 5 review

inhaled pentamidine is indicated for ?

PJP

What is the name of the device you use for pentamidine?

respirgard

what type of room should a patient getting pentamidine be in?

negative pressure

what are possible airway effects seen with the administration of pentamidine?

bronchospasm

cough

bronchial irritation

SOB

wheezing

pink eye

what should be given before administering pentamidine?

albuterol to prevent bronchospasm

What is another name for pentamidine

NebuPent

to reduce the risk of drug exposure and TB infection what should you use?

Respirgard with one way valves and expiratory filter

where should you administer Nebupent?

always in a negative pressure room

which type of people shouldn’t be exposed to pentamidine?

Pregnant or nursing mothers

should barrier protection be worn while administering NebuPent?

yes always wear protection

Should you stop nebulization if the patient takes the mouthpiece out of their mouth?

most def

Areosolized antibitotics are most commonly used for which disease?

CF

What antibiotics are used for CF patients?

TOBI

Cayston

amikacin

polymyxin

whats another name for TOBI

tobramycin

whats another name for cayston

aztreonam

whats another name for amikacin

amikin

whats another name for polymyxin

colistin

if i want to give aerosolized ribavirin which device would be used?

SPAG

what is Rivbravirin used to treat?

RSV

Who is Ribrivirin mainly approved for?

Infants and small children

True or false Ribrivirin will be given for 10-15 QID

False it would be 12-18hr/day

How long is Ribrivirin given

minimum of 3 days no more than 7 days

true or false Ribrivirin FDA approved for infants

True it is FDA approved for infants

true or false is Ribravirin a safe drug that requires no special precautions of being given?

False

true or false ribravirin is used for the treatment of hospitalized infants with severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV

True

true or false would ribravirin be Use as a second-line prophylactic therapy in HIV patients to prevent PCP.

false

true or false Cystic fibrosis patients should be primarily managed for the prevention of chronic mycobacterial infections.

False

What type of infection does a CF patient get

Psudomonas

inhaled antibiotics such as TOBI, colistin, caystin can be used on CF patients?

true this are antibiotic agents which is a risk in CF patients

can dornase alpha to reduce the viscosity of sputum in CF patients?

yes

another name for dornase alpha

pulmozyme

should you used airway clearence techniques to reduce the mucus obstruction in a CF patient

Yes this would help clear the obstruction

Could utilizing inhaled bronchodilators alleviate pulmonary symptoms such as wheezing?

yes example albuterol, levalbuterol (helps open the AW)

if being asked to give a treatment that is active against PCP, what would you give?

TMPSMX (bactrim)

What drug would you use for COVID 19

Remdesivir

is it okay to treat an unknown microorganism with a broad-spectrum antibiotic if there's not enough time to identify the microorganism?

yes

to properly treat an infection do you think you need a culture sensitivity sample?

Yes its importnat

When treating TB with antibiotics, should you be warned about drug-induced hepatotoxicity?

True you want to be warned

What type of drug singulair?

Leukotriene

what is another name for singulair

montelukast

True false, ribravirin is considered to be very safe with very little environmental impact to healthcare.

false

VRE and MRSA are examples of what type of organism? Are they gram-positive or gram-negative?

Gram positive

Klebsiella and E. coli are what kind of bacteria?

Gram negative

TMPSMX is also called

bactrim

Can you use valacyclovir to treat TB?

no

Can you use valacyclovir for HSV type 2?

yes

If looking for an antiviral agent for COVID-19, would it be valacyclovir, oseltamivir, zanamivir, or remdesivir?

Remdesivir

A patient with uncomplicated flu symptoms is looking for an inhaled antiviral — which would you use

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir

Name some causes of airway inflammation.

• Asthma

• Chronic bronchitis

• Trauma

• Allergen

If there is an inflammatory response in the lungs, what can occur?

• Vascular leakage

• Bronchoconstriction

• Mucus secretion

• Mucosal swelling

Long-term oral steroid use can cause suppression of what?

HPA

What are some side effects of aerosol/inhaled corticosteroids?

Dysphonia (voice changes)

Oral candidiasis (thrush)

Do inhaled corticosteroids have higher HPA suppression than systemic corticosteroids?

lower

What is a major cell responsible for the inflammatory response in asthmatics?

eosinophils

mast cells

leukotrienes

Glucocorticoids produced by the body are endogenous or exogenous?

endogenous

For a patient using an inhaled corticosteroid with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), what is the first recommendation?

use a spacer

For a patient using an inhaled corticosteroid with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), what is the second recommendation?

rinse the mouth

To reverse an acute asthma attack, what would you gve

an continuous nebulizer

During an acute asthma exacerbation, should you use oral/systemic steroids or inhaled corticosteroids?

systemic

What is important about corticosteroids, what do they do in asthma?

reduce airway inflammation

typically when is the early phase of asthma exacerbation?

15 minutes

What is the correct way to transition from oral prednisone to inhaled corticosteroids?

Start the inhaled steroid and slowly start to taper the oral steroids

what can cause an asthma attack

excersise

cold air

pollen

What percentage increase in peak flow indicates a positive bronchodilator response?

20% increase

For an asthma exacerbation, what is the drug of choice?

albuterol

allergic reactions is usually intrinsic or extrinsic

extrinsic

first line maintanence therapy in asthma

ICS

dulera is a combination of?

mometasone + fomoterol

Advair is a combination of

fluticasone + salmeterol

Breo ellipta is a combination of

fluticasone + vilaterol

symbicort is a combination of

budesonide + fomoterol

pulmoicort is also called

budesonide

If I give systemic corticosteroids, can I anticipate

HPA suppression

immunosuppression

slow growth in children

osteoporosis

Are non-steroidal anti-asthmatic drugs relievers, beta agonists, anti-infectives, or controllers?

controllers

What is the advantage of anti-leukotriene therapy?

anti inflammatory agent

reduce steriod use

• Targets leukotriene-mediated bronchoconstriction

can singulair (montlukast) be used for children 6 months old

yes chewable tables for children > 6months old

what are the types of antikeukotrienes

montelukast

zarfirlukast

zileuton

What is considered a mast cell stabilizer

cromolyn sodium

Another antikeukotrienes is currently approved for patients younger than 5 years of age is,

singulair

What does Intal (Cromolyn sodium) do as it relates to asthma?

inhibits mast cell degranulation

monoclonal antibodies used to treat asthma?

• Omalizumab (Xolair)

• Mepolizumab (Nucala)

• Reslizumab (Cinqair)

• Dupilumab (Dupixent)

what kind of drug is fluticasone

corticosteriod

True or false inhaled corticosteroids are only given to stabilize the mast cells during acute asthma exacerbation

false its only used for controller/maintenance

what do you use to stabilize mast cells

intal/ cromolyn

true or false Intal is a cholinergic blocker

false its a mast cell stabilizer