mod 10 common teratogens

teratogen

any chemical that adversely affects fetus

sound genes

healthy intrauterine environment

strength of the teratogen

3 requirements for optimal health

before implantation

timing of the insult: zygote is destroyed or unaffected

during organogenesis

timing of the insult: very vulnerable

3rd trimester

timing of the insult: the harm decreases

syphyilis

toxoplasmosis

2 exceptions of teratogen’s affinity

lead

it has affinity for nervous tissues

thalidomide
tetracycline

causes limb defects

causes tooth enamel & bone deformities

viral

bacterial

potozoan

3 types of teratogenic maternal infections

teratogenic maternal infections

• involves STI or systemic infections

• most cause relatively mild flulike symptoms in a woman

toxoplasmosis

other infections like syphilis, hepatitis b virus, hiv

rubella

cytomegalovirus

herpes simplex virus

5 TORCH infections

torch screen

a immunologic test to see if the pregnant woman and baby has infections

negative

result in a torch screen should be ______ to be normal

torch screen

immunologic tests on the pregnant woman (to identify fetal risk factors) and on the newborn (to detect teratogens)

toxoplasmosis

Mother may be infected by:

• improper handling of cat litter

• Handling or ingesting contaminated meat

CNS damage

hydrocephalus

microcephaly

intracerebral calcification

retinal deformities

toxoplasmosis in infants (5 CHMIR)

sulfonamides

pyrimethamine

folic acid

spiramycin

medications for toxoplasmosis (SPFS)

do not take in a new cat

avoid undercooked meat

use gloves

how to prevent toxoplasmosis (DAU)

mild rash

mild systemic illness

maternal symptoms of rubella in mothers

deafness

cataracts

mental and motor challenges

fetal rubella symptoms

congenital rubella

fetal damage from maternal infection

sulfonamides

a medication that may increase bilirubin levels

pyrimethamine

antiprotozoal drug which is also anti-folic acid

spiramycin

experimental use during pregnancy if fetus is not affected

petachiae

blueberry-muffin lesions

chronic liver disease

deafness

eye damage

neurological damage

skin covered with large petechiae

cytomegalovirus fetal symptoms

wash hands before eating

avoiding crowds of young children at daycare or nursery settings

how to prevent cytomegalovirus

IV or oral acyclovir

treatment for herpes simplex virus

Cytotrophoblast layer; 16th to 18th week

when the _____ of the chorionic villi atrophis at the _________ week, treponema pallidum can cross the placenta

Benzathine penicillin

if detected in the 1st trimester and treated with antibiotic(_______________), fetus is rarely affected

18th week

if treated beyond the ______________, deafness, cognitive challenge, osteochondritis and fetal death are possible

serologic screening

should be done on the 1st prenatal visit and repeated close to term if exposure is a provlem

• congenital anomalies, extreme rhinitis

• characteristic syohilitic rash

  • oddly shaped teeth (hutchinson teeth)

NB with congenital syphilis

Zika virus; aedes aegypti

primarily spreads through infected mosquito bites called __________

3 to 12 days

first symptoms of zika virus can be developed in ______