RPH

Bill of Rights (Article lll)

Is an indispensable part of the Constitution. In fact, it is one of the most important parts of the fundamental law since it aims at balancing the power of the government and the various freedoms of the individual

Restrictions directed against the state.

Explicit identification and limitation of rights of the individual.

Bill of rights provides two things

Bill of Rights

refers to the declaration and enumeration of the fundamental civil and political rights of a person with the primary purpose of safeguarding the person from violations by the government, as well as by individuals and group of individuals.

Civil rights

 rights belonging to individuals by virtue of their citizenship, such as freedom to contract, right to property, and marriage among others;

Political Rights

Rights pertaining to the citizenship of the individual vis-à-vis the administration of the government, such as right of suffrage right to hold office, and right to petition for redress of wrong;

Socio economic rights

Ensure the well-being and economic security of an individual

Rights of the accused

Refer to protections given to the person of an accused in any criminal case.

Jus Soli

•Under this principle, citizenship of a person is determined by the place where a person was born.

Jus Sanguinis

Under this principle, a person acquires citizenship through their parents 

Jus Soli

Jus Sanguinis

Ways of acquiring citizenship

Suffrage

is the right and obligation to vote. It is a political right conferred by the Constitution empowering a citizen to participate in the process of government which makes the State truly democratic and republican.

Election

Is the means by which the people choose their representatives who have entrusted the exercise of the powers of the government.

Initiative

is the means by which people directly propose and enact laws, that is, they initiate the law-making process.

Referendum

Refers to the process by which the people ratify or reject a law or part thereof referred to or submitted to them by the national or local law-making body.

Plebiscite

Entails a process by which the people either ratify or reject an amendment or revision to the Constitution.

Recall

 is a mode of removing an incumbent official from office by a vote of the people upon proper registration of a petition signed by the required number of qualified voters.

Section 1, Article lll

Right to due process of law and equal protection of laws

Section 2, Article lll

Right against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Section 3, Article lll

Right to privacy