juvenile delinquency chap 1 slide show

"Define juvenile delinquency."

"Juvenile delinquency refers to the violation of criminal laws by minors, typically individuals under the age of 18."

"Describe the major differences in societal views of juvenile offenders versus adult offenders."

"Society tends to view juvenile offenders as immature and in need of guidance, while adult offenders are seen as responsible for their actions and deserving of punishment."

"Explain how juvenile offenders are treated differently than adult offenders."

"Juvenile offenders are often subject to rehabilitation efforts rather than punishment, reflecting a belief in their potential for change."

"List the major differences between juvenile court and adult court."

"Juvenile court focuses on rehabilitation and guidance, while adult court emphasizes punishment and accountability. Additionally, juvenile court proceedings are typically less formal."

"Discuss the concept of 'the invention of juvenile delinquency.'"

"This concept refers to the historical development of the idea that certain behaviors by minors should be classified as delinquent, leading to a distinct legal framework for juveniles."

"Describe how societal views and treatment of juvenile offenders have evolved over time."

"Historically, juvenile offenders were treated harshly under status offense laws, but criticism in the 1960s and 1970s led to reforms emphasizing rehabilitation and diversion from formal court processes."

"Define a status offense."

"A status offense is a behavior that is considered a violation of the law only because of the age of the offender, such as running away from home or truancy."

"Explain the significance of status offense laws in relation to juvenile offenders."

"Status offense laws reflect the belief that juveniles are immature and require more regulation than adults, leading to unique legal consequences for behaviors that would not be offenses for adults."

"Discuss the impact of the 1974 federal law on status offenders."

"The 1974 federal law encouraged states to stop placing status offenders in institutions, resulting in a significant decline in the institutionalization of such juveniles."

"Describe the criticism faced by status offense laws in the 1960s and 1970s."

"Critics argued that status offense laws were vague, imposed severe penalties, and disproportionately affected poor, minority, and female juveniles."

"Explain the purpose of diversion programs for status offenders."

"Diversion programs aim to redirect status offenders away from the juvenile court system, often reclassifying them as 'children in need of supervision' instead of delinquents."

"Describe the primary goals of juvenile court compared to adult court."

"The primary goals of juvenile court are to guide and help juveniles rather than to punish them, with a greater emphasis on rehabilitation."

"Explain the significance of the term 'adjudicated' in juvenile court."

"In juvenile court, the term 'adjudicated' is used instead of 'found guilty' to reflect the different legal framework and focus on rehabilitation."

"How has the informality of juvenile court changed since the 1960s?"

"Since the 1960s, a series of Supreme Court decisions has granted juveniles many due process rights similar to those of adults, leading to a more formalized juvenile court process."

"Define the term 'disposition' in the context of juvenile court."

"In juvenile court, 'disposition' refers to the outcome or decision made regarding a juvenile offender, as opposed to the term 'sentence' used in adult court."

"Explain the purpose of closed hearings in juvenile court."

"Closed hearings in juvenile court are intended to protect juveniles from adverse publicity and stigma associated with their cases."

"What limitations exist regarding the sentences that juvenile courts can impose?"

"Juvenile courts cannot impose the death penalty and have limits on how long they can confine juveniles."

"Describe the terminology differences between juvenile and adult correctional facilities."

"Juvenile correctional facilities are referred to as 'youth development centers' or 'training schools' rather than 'prisons' to emphasize rehabilitation."

"How did the perception of juvenile offenders change from the 1800s to the present?"

"Until the 1800s, juvenile offenders were treated similarly to adult offenders, but over time, society began to view and treat them differently, leading to the establishment of separate juvenile courts."

"What historical milestone occurred in 1899 regarding juvenile justice?"

"The first juvenile court was established in 1899, marking a significant shift in how juvenile offenders were treated in the legal system."

"Discuss the timeline of juvenile courts' presence across states."

"Juvenile courts were not present in all states until 1945, indicating a gradual adoption of the juvenile justice system across the United States."

"What are some special correctional programs designed for juveniles?"

"Special correctional programs for juveniles focus on rehabilitation and protect juveniles from contact with adult criminals."

"How do criminologists explain the invention of juvenile delinquency?"

"Criminologists explain the invention of juvenile delinquency as a societal shift in how juvenile delinquents are viewed and treated compared to adult criminals over the last 100 to 200 years."

"Describe the changing conception of children that began in the 1500s and 1600s."

"Children were increasingly viewed as immature and dependent on adults for guidance and protection, contrasting with earlier views where children past the age of 6 or 7 were seen similarly to adults."

"Explain the impact of urban slums on children during the 1800s and early 1900s in the U.S."

"Urban slums led to poor housing, overcrowding, sanitation issues, health problems, and crime, causing concern for children who were living on the streets and engaging in criminal activities to survive."

"How did the concern for poor children in urban areas contribute to the concept of juvenile delinquency?"

"The concern stemmed from two interpretations: genuine reformers worried about poor children's plight, while upper-class individuals were disturbed by the concentration of poor people, especially immigrants, in cities."

"Define the differences in treatment between male and female juvenile offenders."

"Females were often protected for their sexuality and faced harsher punishments, while male juveniles' sexual activities were frequently ignored or excused."

"Discuss the racial disparities in the treatment of juvenile offenders in the 1800s and early 1900s."

"Black youth faced systemic racism, with little interest from child savers, and were often sent to adult prisons or segregated juvenile facilities, while a black child-saving movement emerged in response."

"What was the societal response to the increase in serious juvenile violence from the late 1980s to early 2000s?"

"There was a movement to adopt harsher punishments for juvenile offenders, particularly for older juveniles committing serious crimes, as many viewed them as 'younger criminals' rather than 'immature' juveniles."

"Explain the role of child savers in the context of juvenile delinquency."

"Child savers were groups in various states and cities focused on addressing the issues faced by children, particularly in urban slums, although their interests often varied based on race."

"How did the decline in the death rate and extension of education influence views on children?"

"These changes contributed to the perception of children as needing guidance and protection, reinforcing the idea that they were immature and dependent on adults."

"Describe the conditions in urban slums that affected children during the major social changes in the U.S."

"Urban slums were characterized by poor housing, overcrowding, sanitation problems, health issues, and high crime rates, all of which negatively impacted the lives of children living there."

"What were the implications of viewing juvenile offenders as 'stone-cold predators'?"

"This perspective led to a belief that the juvenile court system was inadequate for handling serious juvenile violence, prompting calls for more severe punishments."

"Describe the shift in the treatment of juvenile offenders since the early 2000s."

"There has been a retreat from the get-tough approach, with a focus on emphasizing the differences between juveniles and adults, leading to fewer juveniles being sent to institutions and a greater use of rehabilitative measures."

"Explain the reasons for the change in approach towards juvenile delinquency."

"Reasons include a dramatic decline in levels of delinquency, new evidence on brain development, and findings that many get-tough approaches are ineffective in reducing delinquency."

"Define the get-tough approach in the context of juvenile justice."

"The get-tough approach refers to policies aimed at increasing the severity of punishments for juvenile offenders, including trying older juveniles in adult court."

"How has the federal government responded to punitive measures in schools regarding juvenile offenders?"

"The federal government has recommended ending certain punitive measures, such as zero-tolerance policies in schools."

"What major decisions has the Supreme Court made regarding juvenile offenders?"

"The Supreme Court has ruled that it is unconstitutional to impose certain severe sanctions on juveniles, including the juvenile death penalty and life without parole."

"Do rehabilitative measures have a growing role in juvenile justice?"

"Yes, rehabilitative measures are being more widely used in many states as part of the evolving treatment of juvenile offenders."

"What impact has the media and policymakers had on juvenile justice since the early 2000s?"

"They have started to emphasize the differences between juveniles and adults, contributing to a shift away from harsh punitive measures."

"Explain the significance of brain development evidence in juvenile justice reform."

"New evidence on brain development suggests that juveniles are different from adults, which has influenced the retreat from harsh punitive measures."

"How has the perception of juvenile delinquency changed over time?"

"There has been a significant decline in levels of delinquency, leading to a reevaluation of the effectiveness of punitive approaches."