unit 5

George A. Miller

short term memory only held 7 items

Hermann ebbinghaus

Forgetting curve

elizabeth loftus

misinformation effect, eye witness unreliabale

Noah chomsky

Language aquisition device

Alfred binet

intellingence testing, IQ

Frnacis galton

believed intelligence to be hereditary

Howard Gardner

Mulitiple intelligences

Robert sternberg

triarchic theory

louis terman

revised Binet’s IQ test

David Wechsler

first high quality IQ test

Recall

clue to retrieve a memory

recognition

remember from a list

Serial-position effect

Begining and end is remembered rather athan middle

episodic memory

stores personal memories

procedural memory

memories of how things are done

Proactive interference

old information interferes with the new

Retroactive interference

new information interferes with the old

retrograde amnesia

unable to remember some or all past

anterograde amnesia

unable to form new memories

method of loci

remembering information by associating it with a location

phonemes

samllest distinctive sound

morphemes

The smallest units of meaning in a language

whorf linguistic relativity hypothesis

language does more than describe a person’s culture, it also shape a person’s thoughts and perceptions

Algorithm

logical step-by step procedure

Functional fixedness

think of an object as functioning only in its usual way

confirmation bias

looking for information that confirms preexisting beliefs

heuristic

shortcut

Availability heuristic

Judging the likelyhood of an evetn based on readily available personal experinces

Representative heuristc

Judging the likelihood outcome based on an assumption of how well it matches a typical prototype

Framing

the way an issue is posed can affect decisions and judgements

Divergent thinking

problem solvers devise a number of possible alternative approachesg

g Factor

charles spearman’s theory that a general intellingence factor is responsible for a person’s overall performance

Fluid intellingence

innate intelligence, reasoning ability, and speed of processing

crystallized intelligence

knowledge and skills gained through experince that tend to increase over lifetimer

Flynn effect

intelligence scores increase from generation to generation

Standardization

norms and procedures for giving and scoring a test

reliability

measure of consistency and reproductibilty of test scores during repeated administrations of a test

validity

measures what is is designed to measure

self-fulfilling prophecy

expectations of another person lead that person to behave in the expected way