animal comm exam 2 predators and echolocation

Crypsis

Blending into the background

object masquerades

Mimicking in edible objects

Predator detection signals

Notifying predators they have been detected

Predator inspection

Coordinated behavior and movement across a group of prey

Stotting

Vertical jumping to notify prey

Aposematic coloration

Bright colors to warn predators of danger

Mullerian

Multiple unpalatable species that have same warning colors/ patterns

Batesian

Palatable species mimicking unpalatable species

ALARM SIGNALS

• Unique vocalizations produced when predator is nearby

• May produce different calls for different predators

MOBBING

Visually distinctive and/ or loud calls designed to attract others and harass predator

Autocommunication

sender and receiver same individual

Intermittent, active sensing

animal must produce sound to receive sensory info

• distance

• direction

• object properties

Echolocation information gives

distinct echolocation signal

Each species of bat makes a _____

Optimal pulse design for detection

narrow bandwidth, emitted at low rates, loud amplitude, long durations

optimal pulse design for Discrimination

many frequency components, emitted at faster rates and shorter durations

broadband

As FM bats approach targets, signals become more ______

Broadband signals 

____ aid bats in discriminating features of targets and fine-scale angular location

If doesn't allow the predators to attack by stealth

What is the benefit of prey inspecting their predators?

A highly social species that engages in cooperation

Which type of species would be more likely to produce alarm calls with different call types for different predators?

The sender and receiver are the same individual

Why is echolocation considered autocommunication?

you can assess the fine-scale abilities of an animal's echolocation system

What is the advantage of measuring echolocation abilities in a laboratory?

During flight, bats lower the frequency of their emitted signals to maintain a constant return echo frequency

Describe the Doppler compensation used by some CF bats

Bats increase the rate of pulse emission, decrease pulse duration, and increase frequency range

describe the acoustic behavior of FM bats as they approach a target during foraging

Mechanism of sound production

Odontocetes share characteristics with bat signals except: