Functional Anatomy Exam 3 Cards

What 4 bones make up the knee

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella

Purpose of Tibia and Fibula in knee joint

Tibia: Bear weight and articulate with femur

Fibula: No articulation, Serves as attachment for knee joint structures

Patella what kind of bone, what tendons attach it,where does it sit

Sesamoid floating bone, quadriceps and patellar tendon attach it, rests in trochlear groove.

Three joint of the knee

Tibiofemoral (knee joint proper), Patellofemoral, Tibiofibular (Not part of the knee)

Tibiofemoral joint type and size

Size: Biggest synovial in body, Type: ginglymus or hinge

Explain Q angle

Definition Intersection between the line of pull of the quads and line of pull of the patella (15 degrees in males and 20 degrees in females). Greater Q angle = larger lateral risk = greater injury risk

Four TIbiofemoral Ligaments and What motion they prevent

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Prevents tibia from sliding anterior

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): Prevents Tibia from sliding posterior

Medial Cruciate Ligament (MCL): stabilizes valgus forces (inward)

Lateral Cruciate Ligament (LCL): stabilizes varus forces (outward)

Patellar Tendon and Ligament

Tendon: common attachment for quads superior to patella

Ligament: inferior to patella and connects to tibial tuberosity

Function of Bursa

Absorb shock and reduce friction

Is there Adduction and Abduction at the knee?

No

List all the biarticular muscles of the knee / ankle / hip (5)

Biceps femoris, Rectus Femoris, Semimebranosus, Semitendinosus, Gastronemius

List primary knee flexors (3)

Hamstrings: Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

List primary knee extenders (4)

Quadriceps: Rectus femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedialis

Rectus Femoris (A, O, I)

Action: Extend the Knee (tibiofemoral) , Flex the hip (coxal)

Origin: Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine (AIIS)

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity

Vastus Medialis (A, O, I)

Action: Extend the knee (tibiofemoral)

Origin: Medial lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity

Vastus Lateralis (A, O, I)

Action: Extend the knee (tibiofemoral)

Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, greater trochanter

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Vastus Intermedialis (A, O, I)

Action: Extend the knee

Origin: Aterior and lateral shaft of the femur

Insertion: TIbial Tuberosity

Biceps Femoris (A, O, I)

Action: Flex the knee, Laterally rotate flexed knee, tilt pelvis posteriorly,

Origin: Long head: ischial tuberosity, Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Head of the fibula

Semitendinosus (A, O, I)

Action: Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Semimembranosus (A, O, I)

Action: Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Sartorius (A, O, I)

Action: Felx the hip, laterally roatew hip, Abduct the hip, Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee

Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Insertion: Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon

Gastronemius (A, O, I)

Action: Flex the knee (tibiofemoral), plantar flex the ankle (talocrural)

Origin: Condyles of the femur posterior surface

Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal / achilles tendon

Popliteus (A, O, I)

Action: Medially roate flexed knee, Flex the knee

Origin: Lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: Proximal posterior aspect of the tibia

How many bones in the foot

14 phallanges, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 2 sesamoids under great toe

list joints of ankle and foot (3)

Talocrural, Subtalar, Transverse tarsal joints

Tibiofibular joint type of joint and amount of movement

Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial, minimal movement, attached proximal to distal

Talocrural joint

Made up of Fibula, tibia, talus

Hinge, ginglymus

Greater dorsiflexion ROM when knee flexed

Ligaments of the Ankle (2 groups 5 total)

Lateral Collateral Ligaments: Anterior talofibular (ATFL), Calcaneofibular (CFL), and Posterior Talofibular (PTFL)

Deltoid ligament complex: Medial malleolus

Three arches of the foot

Transverse arch, medial longitudinal arch, lateral logitudinal arch

Plantar Fascia (Plantar aponeurosis)

Broad structure ligament fromt he medial calcaneal tuberosity to proximal phallanges. Stabiolizes medial arch.

Anterior Compartment of Lower leg (4)

Tibialis Anterior, Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus

Lateral Compartment of the lower leg (2)

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus and Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Superficial (3) and Deep (4) Posterior compartments of lower leg

Superficial: Gastronemius, soleus, Plantaris

Deep: Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, popliteus, tibialis posterior

Soleus (A, O, I)

Action: Plantar flex the floot

Origin: Soleal line, proximal posterior surface of the tibia, and the posterior head of the fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal or achilles tendon

Plantaris (A, O, I)

Action: Weak plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the knee

Origin: lateral supracondyle line of the femur

Insertion: calcaneus by calcaneal tendon

Fibularis longus (A, O, I)

Action: Evert foot, Plantar flex assist

Origin: Head of the fibula and proximal 2/3 of the lateral fibula

Insertion: Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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