LEC HIS - LESSON 2

BOOK BASED: HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

Bertallanfy

Bertallanfy

Who defined Health Care System

1968

When did Bertallanfy defined Health Care System?

Health Care System

It is a “system”, an arrangement of parts and their interconnections come together for a purpose.

Organizations related to health

Health system is consist of many parts ……

It is a “system”, an arrangement of parts and their interconnections come together for a purpose.

It is the definition of Bertallanfy for Health Care System.

It is the combination of resources, organization, financing and management that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population.

It is the definition of Health Care System for Roemer (1991).

World Health Organization Report (2000)

It is the one that defined health system as “all organizations, institutions and resources that are devoted to producing health actions.”

Health Action

Any effort, whether in personal health care, public health services or through intersectoral initiatives, whose primary purpose is to improve health.

3

How many goals WHO identified for health systems.

Improving the health of the populations

Three main goals: It is the overarching goal of health system.

Responsiveness

Three main goals: Health system provides service in the manner that people want or desire and engages people as active partner.

Fairness in Financial Contribution

Three main goals: Health system provide social and financial risk protection in health and be fairly financed.

Improving the health of the populations

Three main goals: Inequitable disparities in health are to be minimized.

Improving the health of the population

Three main goals: Disparities are most effectively reduced when they are recognized and their minimization is an explicit national goal.

Responsiveness

Three main goals: It embodies values of respectfulness, non-discrimination, humaneness, and confidentiality.

Responsiveness

Three main goals: Healthy systems have an obligation to respond to the legitimate non-health desires and expectations of the population.

Responsiveness

Three main goals: Health system maximize people’s autonomy and control, allowing them to make choices, placing them at the center of the health care system.

Fairness in Financial

Three main goals: Paying for health care should not impoverish individuals or families.

4

How many vital health system functions are said in the book?

Health service provision

This is the most visible product of the health care system.

Health Service Provision

Four vital health system: The best systems also promote health and try to avert illness through education and preventive measures.

Health Service Provision

Four vital health system: “Delivering health services is thus an essential part of what the system does—but it is not what the system is”

Health Service Inputs

Four vital health system: Managing resources is the assembling of essential resources for delivering health services.

Health Service Inputs

Four vital health system: These include human resources, medications, and medical equipment.

Health Service Inputs

Four vital health system: This function is generally outside the immediate control of health system policy makers who have to respond to short-term population needs with whatever available resources.

Stewardship

Four vital health system: The overall system oversight sets the context and policy framework for the overall health system.

Stewardship

Four vital health system: This function is usually a governmental responsibility.

Policy, Framework, Regulates

Four vital function: (Keyword) It is associated with stewardship.

Resources, Medical Equipment and Human Resources

Four vital function: (Keyword) It is associated with Health Service Inputs.

Delivering, Promote, Preventive

Four vital function: (Keyword) It is associated with Health Service Provision.

Revenues, pooling, financial risk

Four vital function: (Keyword) It is associated with Health Financing.

Health Financing

Four vital health system: This includes collecting revenues, pooling financial risk, and allocating revenue.

Revenue Collection.

Type of Health Financing: Collection of money to pay for health care services.

Revenue Collection

Type of Health Financing: General Taxation, Donor Financing, Mandatory payroll contributions.

Risk Pooling

Type of Health Financing: This refers to the collection and management of financial resources in a way that spreads financial risks from an individual to all pool members (WHO, 2000).

Risk Pooling

Type of Health Financing: The core function of health insurance mechanism.

Risk Pooling

Type of Health Financing: Participating in this is essential to insurance mechanism.

Bismarck’s Law on Health Insurance of 1883

What is the complete name of Bismarck Model?

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck

Bismarck model is named after a Prussian?

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck

It is the one who invented the welfare state as part of the unification of Germany in the 19th century.

19th Century

When did Bismarck invented his model?

Sickness Funds

The insurers in Bismarck model is called?

Sickness Funds

It is financed through employee and employers payroll deduction.

Profit

Bismarck-type health insurance plans don’t make a ____.

Bismarck Model

This model of Risk pooling tends to have private hospitals.

Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland

The Bismarck Model is observed in what countries?

Beveridge Model

What is this type of risk pooling? “From the report on Social Insurance and Allied Services of 1942”

William Beveridge

Beveridge Model is named after?

William Beveridge

It is the social reformer who designed Britain’s National Health Service.

Beveridge Model

This type of risk pooling model is funded by the government through tax collection.

Beveridge Model

This risk pooling model is for those countries that have many public hospitals.

Beveridge Model

These countries use this model: Great Britain, Spain, most of Scandinavia and New Zealand, Hongkong, and Cuba.

Strategic Purchasing

It is the way most risk-pooling organizations or purchases use collected and pooled financial resources or buy health care services for their members.

6

How many essential groups does WHO identified to improve targeted health outcomes?

4

How many targeted health outcomes WHO identified?

Service Delivery

Those which deliver effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions to those who need them, when and where needed, with minimum waste of resources.

Health Workforce

One which works in ways that are responsive, fair, and efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible, given the available resources and circumstances.

Information

One that ensures tge production, analysis, dissemination, and use of reliable and timely information on health determinants, health systems performance, and health status.

Medical Products, Vaccines and Technologies

Ensure equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness, and their scientifically sound and cost-effective use.

Financing

Raises adequate funds for health, in ways that ensure people can use needed service and are protected from financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with having to pay for them.

Leadership and Governance

Involve ensuring strategic policy framework exist and are combined with effective stewardship, coalition-building, the provision of appropriate regulations and incentives, attention to system-design, and accountability.

Philippine Historical Background

The major areas of the following health reform initiatives are the health service delivery, health regulation, and health financing.

Primary Health Care for All

Developed a largely centralized government-funded and operated health care system.

Adoption of Primary Health Care

Promoted participatory management of the local health system.

Reorganization of DOH

Integrated public health and hospital services.

Milk Code

Prevention and Nutrition to promote breastfeeding

The Generics Act

Prescriptions are written using the generic name of the drug in an attempt to lower expenditure on drugs by promoting and purchasing non-branded medicines.

Local Government Code

Transfer of responsibility of health service provisions to the local government units.

RA 7160

Republic Act of Local Government Code

National Health Insurance Act

Aims to provide all citizens a mechanism for financial protection with priority given to the poor.

Health Sector Reform Agenda

Major organizational restructuring of the DOH to improve the way health care is delivered, regulated, and financed.

FOURmula One (F1) for Health

Adoption of operational framework to undertake reforms with speed, precision, and effective coordination.

Access to Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act

Promotes and ensures access to affordable quality drugs and medicines for all.

RA 9502

Republic Act of Access to Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act

Kalusugang Pangkalahatan

Universal Health coverage and access to quality health care for all Filipinos

AO 2010-0036

Administrative Order of Kalusugang Pangkalahatan

Sin Taxes for Health

Generating extra revenue for the Department of Health by discouraging harmful consumption of alcohol and tobacco.

Universal Health Care Law

Enrolling all Filipino citizens automatically in the National Health Insurance Program administered by PhilHealth. All Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable health care services.

1970

Year of: Primary Health Care for All

1979

Year of: Adoption of Primary Health Care

1982

Year of: Reorganization of DOH

1986

Year of: Milk Code

1988

Year of: The Generics Act

1991

Year of: RA 7160 “Local Government Code”

1995

Year of: National Health Insurance Act

1996

Year of: Health Sector Reform Agenda

2005

Year of: FOURmula One (F1) for Health

2008

Year of: RA 9502 “Access to Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act”

2010

Year of: AO 2010-0036 “Kalusugang Pangkalahatan”

2013

Year of: Sin Taxes for Health

2019

Year of: Universal Health Care Law

1970

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): Primary Health Care for All

1979

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): Adoption of Primary Health Care

1982

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): Reorganization of DOH

1986

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): Milk Code

1988

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): The Generics Act

1991

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): Local Government Code (RA 7160)

1995

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): National Health Insurance Act

1996

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): Health Sector Reform Agenda

2005

For Matching Type (Practice Question Option): FOURmula One (F1) for Health