Studied by 9 people
Ethics
The philosophical study of ideas and practices related to human goodness and morality. The moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour.
How are ethics and morality different?
Ethics are the rules you abide by in order to remain within a community or profession. Morals are your personal values that run to the core of your very being.
How are blessedness and happiness different?
Blessedness is a state achieved through having perfrct virtue, happiness is dependent on luck of good happening
What is the difference between Christian Faith, Hope and Love and Ordinary Faith, Hope and Love?
The difference between ordinary and Christian virtues is that the Christian virtues are ever-lasting and unconditional whereas ordinary virtues often have expectations, the need for proof, and are circumstantial.
What are the moral virtues?
consists of both cardinal and ordinary virtues.
What are the Cardinal virtues?
Prudence (Wise Judgment) – tending to know how to achieve your goals.
Fortitude (Courage) – doing good when faced with fear
Justice – fairness
Temperance (Wholeness) – tending to feel the right amount of desire or emotion.
What are the Ordinary virtues?
Honesty – a tendency to tell the truth
Respect for Persons – a tendency to not do harm to others
Compassion – a tendency to wish and do well for the suffering
Respect for Creation – a tendency to not do harm to your surroundings
Reverence for Human Life – a tendency to not wish/accept harm to others
Peacemaking – a tendency to resolve conflicts peacefully
What are the dimensions of justice?
individual justice, social justice, distributive justice,
and ecological justice
individual justice
a simple exchange between two people.
social justice
when one group or person works to solve an issue in their community to help another group.
distributive justice
the governments formal obligation to distribute resources fairly.
ecological justice
an obligation to ensure resources can be used by generations in the future.
What are the theological virtues?
Faith – believing truly and profoundly
Hope – willing the good optimistically
Love (agape) – putting faith and hope into action, in a way that completes them and perfects them.
Which theological virtue is considered the crown?
Love, often referred to as agape, is the crown virture as Christian love is unbounded, absolutely infinite, and there is no virtue that it fails to include.
What would the world look like if we followed all the moral virtues?
if we all follow the moral virtues we will be living in a world reflective of the one God envisioned for us to live in, free of hatred and sin. People would care for one another, make wise decisions, choose peace over war, etc.
How did humanity inherit the orginial sin?
Humanity inherited orginial sin through Adam and Eve. Their disobedience to God destroyed the harmony of creation and lead to humanity’s broken nature. As we are born, we inherit the original sin as part of the human condition. However, it can be washed away at baptism.
What are the five proofs of God’s existence?
Motion - since everything is moved by something, there must be an unmoved mover.
Efficient cause - since everything is caused by something else, there must be a first cause
Necessary being - there must be one being in the world that is necessary to existence, that is God.
Degree of Perfection - eveything is compared to a degree of perfection, there must be something to represent absolute perfection.
Design (teleological) - the intiricate design of life and the world implies that someone designed it purposely.
What are the elements of a prophets call story?
Confrontation with God
Introductory speech
Imparting of a mission
Objection by the prophet-to-be
Reassurance by God
The sign
What is Moses’ call story?
God appeared to him in a burning bush and called his name
God revealled his name as “I am”
God asks Moses to go to the pharaoh and convince him to release the israelites
Once they were free, Moses must bring them to the promise land
Moses objected at first saying he couldn’t speak well
God assures him that he will be with him and that his brother can go with him
Moses succeeds in getting the israelites to the promised land
exegesis
relies on the original context of a biblical passage to determine that passage's meaning
hermeneutics
uses principles and other things outside of the original context of a biblical passage to determine its meaning.
Sermon on the mount: salt and light
shine your light for all to see and preserve the teachings
Sermon on the mount: the law and the prophets
the sermon doesn’t destroy the older teachings, but brings them to a new light
Sermon on the mount: concerning anger
by eliminating anger murder is also eliminated
Sermon on the mount: concerning adultery and divorce
by eliminating lust adultery is also eliminated
Sermon on the mount: concerning oaths
do not swear on God, your word should be trustworthy enough
Sermon on the mount: concerning retaliation
do not retaliate
Sermon on the mount: love for enemies
do good things for everyone, even enemies
Sermon on the mount: concerning almsgiving, prayer, and fasting
do it in your own time and do not brag about your faith as it is a personal thing.
Sermon on the mount: concerning treasure and worry
keep your treasures in heaven because where your treasures are is where your heart will be.
Sermon on the mount: judging others
do not judge others if you do not want to be judged
Sermon on the mount: golden rule
treat others the way you want to be treated
Sermon on the mount: narrow gate
follow the narrow gate because the wide gate leads to destruction and disastor.
Sermon on the mount: concerning self-deception
only those who do the will of God enter heaven
Sermon on the mount: hearers and doers
listen to Jesus and act accordingly to his teachings
What are the four elements of a Just world?
concern for basic needs
concern for personal dignity
concern for solidarity
concern for social structures
What are the elements of a covenant?
Preamble - names, titles, and attributes
Historical prologue - historical overview, past relationship
Submission - expectations, conditions to be met, request for loyalty
Witnesses - (not always there) who is there to acknowledge the union
Blessings and curses - what happens if the parties do not stay loyal to the union. Gains and loses.
How has God reached out to Humanity in the Old Testament? Who did God make covenants with?
God has reached out to humanity through covenants. He made covenants with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus to bring humanity the gifts that make it what it is now.
What is the difference between moral absolutism and moral relativism?
Absolutism says the nature of moral principles are that they are universally binding; whereas relativism says the nature of moral principles are that they are not universally binding.
Omnipotent
having unlimited power
Omniscient
all knowing
Benevolent
perfectly good
What is implied by the following: we are all called to chastity?
Everyone is called to chastity in different ways. Single people are called to abstinence, meanwhile married people are called to only be intimate with one person.
How is Marriage a sacramental covenant?
Marriage is a sacramental covenant as couples become a community of faith and love, a sign of the love Christ for his church.
What are stages of moral development according to Kohlberg?
Level 1: pre-conventional
Obedience and punishment orientation
Self-interest orientation
Level 2: conventional
Interpersonal accord and conformity (social norms)
Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
Level 3: post-conventional
Social contract orientation
Universal ethical principles
Explain Heinz’s Dilemma and the proper course of action when making decisions.
A drug that could save his wife’s life costs too much and he must steal it to save her. Who is in the wrong: the man selling the drug for too much money, or the husband for stealing the drug?
What is conscience?
conscience is who we are at the deepest level. Controls our actions and decisions based on our moral standards.
What are the dimensions of conscience?
A capacity for knowing and doing what is good and avoiding what is evil
A process for discovering the good, discernment, correct seeing and right thinking
A judgment that moves me from correct seeing and thinking to action and commitment
What has happened to Canadian families in the last century? Give possible reasons why?
Canadian famailies are becoming smaller as the birth rate declines. This is due to an increased amount of women in the workforce, couples starting families later in life or choosing to have one child, and the increased use of contraceptives.
How is Jesus’ death and resurrection part of the Paschal Mystery?
The Paschal Mystery reveals that Jesus’ death, in loving obedience to his Father's will, was necessary to bring God's plan of salvation to life, his resurrection is proof and affirmation that God's saving plan has been fulfilled, and humanity is saved from sin.
What role do humans play in moral evil?
Humans’ inability to make moral choices based on a notion of what is right and wrong, or negligence to these factors is what causes them to do morally wrong things.
How does moral evil differ from natural evil?
Moral evil is the acts of humans considered to be morally wrong like murder and theft. Natural evil refers to acts that humans have no control over like cancer and natural distastors.
List the events that took place in the conversion of Saul on the way to Damascus.
St. Paul orginally prosectuted followers of christ saying they interfered with the Jewish religion. God appears to him asking why he persecuted him. God takes away St. Paul's sight for three days and then sends someone to heal and restores it for him. Afterwards, St. Paul began to believe in God and spread his gospel.
What was St. Paul’s role in the history of the Church and its development?
Saint Paul was a major figure when it came to turning Christianity into a worldwide religion. The letters he wrote and his gathering of Christians in the church spread the religion throuhout the world.
What is the function of the Magisterium?
the teaching authority of the church. all teachings come from the pope and are then passed down to ordinary church-goers
Parousia
the belief that Christ will come for a second time
How does parousia coincide with eschatological time?
the end of time will come with the seconding coming of Christ
Catholic Social Teachings: a discerning believer
celebrates God’s presence thorugh work, sacrament, prayer, forgiveness, and moral living.
Catholic Social Teachings: an effective communicator
speaks, writes and listens honestly, responding in ways according to the gospel
Catholic Social Teachings: a reflective, creative and holistic thinker
solves problems and makes decisions with an informed moral conscience for the common good
Catholic Social Teachings: a self-directed, responsible, lifelong learner
develops and demonstrates their God-given potential.
Catholic Social Teachings: a collaborative contributor
finds meaning, dignity and vocation in work that respects the rights of all and contributes to the common good
Catholic Social Teachings: a caring family member
attends to family, school, parish, and the wider community
Catholic Social Teachings: a responsible citizen
gives witness to Catholic social teaching by promoting peace, justice, and the sacredness of human life.
Explain the 5 traits of a healthy Christian family?
Emphasize the relational - good spousal relationship
Promote social responsibility - teaching moral responsibility to bring good to soceity
Become a family in Christ - balance familial values with religious ones
Include the excluded - educate children to fight for social justice
Be an ethical and moral family - shape children’s moral compass and introduce them to faith
What does the church permit and not permit concerning the termination of a marriage?
married couples must get an annulment to terminate their marriage. not agreeing on children, lack of consent, or aduletery are grounds for an annulment.
sin of omission
when someone chooses not to act
sin of commission
when someone commits an act of wrong
mortal sin
state of reading oneself to goodness. when one chooses to cut themselves from god/others/self that their life direction is towards sin
venial sin
when one chooses to hurt their relationship with god/self/others but not sever the tie completely
social sin
when a whole group participates in a process or system that harms human relationships
personal sin
when am individual knowingly and willingly does something that hurts their relationship with god, self, nature, etc.
Catholic social teaching - community and common good
every person should have access to the good and resources of society so they can live life to the fullest
Catholic social teaching - stewardship of creation
we all must care and share the resources of the earth
Catholic social teaching - option for the poor and vulnerable
caring for the poor is everyone’s responsibility. prefrential care should be shown to the poor and vulnerable whose needs and rights are prioritzed by God
Catholic social teaching - promotion of peace
peace requires respect for the development of human life which involves safeguarding the goods, freedom and dignity of people
Catholic social teaching - dignity of the human person
every human is created in the image of God and has inheret dignity. no human should have their dignity compromised
Catholic social teaching - solidarity
everyone has the obligation to promote the rights and development of people across the world
Catholic social teaching - subsidiarity and participation
all people have the right to make decisions that affect their lives
Beatitudes
Blessed are the poor in spirit, for the kingdom of heaven is theirs
Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied
Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy
Blessed are the pure hearted, for they will see God
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they are the children of God
Blessed are those who are persecuted for doing what is right, for the kingdom of heaven is theirs.
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