Endocrine Glands and Hormones

Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Growth Hormone, Somatropin, Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, and Thyrotropin.

Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

Antidiuretic Hormone, and Oxytocin

Thyroid

Calcitoninc, Thyroxine (T4), and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Parathyroid

Parathyroid Hormone and Parathormone

Adrenal Medulla

Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

Adrenal Cortex

Androgens (DHEA, Aldosterone), Estradiol, Corticosteroids, Gluticosteroids, and Mineralocorticoids.

Pancreas

Amylin, Glucagon, Insulin, Pancreatic Polypeptide, and Somatostatin

Ovaries

Estrogen and Progesterone

Testicles

Testosterone

Pineal Gland

Melatonin

ACTH

Target Tissue: Adrenal Cortex

Function: Fosters growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates corticosteroid secretion.

FSH and LH

Target Tissue: Reproductive Organs

Function: Stimulate sex hormone secretion, reproductive organ growth, and the reproductive processes.

GH and Somatotropin

Target Tissue: All Body Cells

Function: Promote protein anabolism (growth and tissue repair), and lipid mobilization and catabolism.

MSH

Target Tissue: Melanocytes in Skin

Function: Increase melanin production in melanocytes.

Prolactin

Target Tissue: Ovary and Mammary Glands (Women), Testicles (Men)

Function: Stimulate milk production in lactating women. Increase response of follicles to LH and FSH.

TSH and Thyroptropin

Target Tissue: Thyroid Gland

Function: Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormones, growth and function of the thyroid gland.

ADH

Target Tissue: Renal Tubules and Vascular Smooth Muscle

Function: Promotes reabsorption of water from the renal tubules and vasoconstriction.

Oxytocin

Target Tissue: Uterus and Mammary Glands

Function: Stimulates milk secretion and uterine contractility.

Calcitonin

Target Tissue: Bone Tissue

Function: Regulates calcium and phosphorus serum levels, decreases serum Ca2+ levels.

Thyroxine

Target Tissue: All Body Tissues

Function: Precursor to T3

Triiodothyronine

Target Tissue: All Body Tissue

Function: Regulates metabolic rate of all cells and processes of cell growth and tissue differentiation.

PTH

Target Tissue: Bone, Intestines, and Kidneys

Function: Regulates calcium and phosphorus serum levels, promotes bone demineralization, and increase intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and increases serum Ca2+ levels.

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

AKA Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Target Tissue: Catecholamine

Function: Increases in response to stress and enhances and prolongs the effects of the SNS.

Androgens and Estradiol

AKA Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Androsterone

Target Tissue: Reproductive Organs

Function: Promotes growth spurts in adolescence, secondary sex characteristics, and libido in both sexes.

Corticosteroids

AKA Cortisol and Hydrocortison

Target Tissue: All Body Tissues

Function: Promotes metabolism, increases in response to stress, and produces anti inflammatory response.

Mineralcorticoids

AKA Aldosterone

Target Tissue: Kidney

Function: Regulates sodium, potassium, and water balance.

Amylin

Target Tissue: Liver and Stomach

Function: Decrease gastric motility, glucagon secretion, and endogenous glucose release from the liver. Also increases satiety.Fl

Glucagon

Target Tissue: General

Function: Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Insulin

Target Tissue: General

Function: Promotes glucose transport from the blood into the cell.

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Target Tissue: General

Function: Influences regulation of pancreatic exocrine function and metabolism of absorbed nutritients.

Somastoastatin

Target Tissue: Pancreas

Function: Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion.

Estrogen

Target Tissue: Reproductive System and Breasts

Function: Stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics, preparation of uterus for fertilization, and fetal development. Also stimulates bone growth.

Progesterone

Target Tissue: Reproductive System

Function: Maintains the lining of the uterus needed for successful pregnancy.

Testosterone

Target Tissue: Reproductive System

Function: Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, and spermatogenesis.