Lesson 6.2: Adaptive Immune System

Adaptive Immune System

Highly specific & creates long-term immunity memory against pathogens

Immunization

Triggers the portion of the Adaptive immune system

Antigen Presentation

Recognition of specific "non-self" antigens in the presence of "self"

Immunological Memory

Developed by B cells & memory T cells to remember pathogens

B & T Lymphocytes

Cells involved in the Adaptive immune system

T Helper Cell

Secretes cytokines, assist in B-cell maturation, & activates cytotoxic T cells & macrophages

CD4+ T Cell

Other name for T Helper Cell

Cytotoxic T Cell

Destroys virus-infected cells

CD8+ T Cell

Other name for Cytotoxic Helper Cell

Memory T Cell

Gets activated upon re-exposure to a cognate antigen (CD4+/CD8+)

Suppressor T Cell

Shuts down T cell-mediated immunity toward the immune rection's end

Natural Killer T Cells

Produce cytokines & cytolytic molecules

Cytolytic

Cell destroying

B Lymphocytes

predominant cells that are involved in creating antibodies

Immunoglobulins

Other name for Antibodies

lgG, lgA, lgM, lgE, lgD

The 5 Antibodies

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system during an infection response to destroy disease-causing organism & block them from infecting human cells

lgG

The only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to the fetus (Antibody-based immunity majority against invading pathogens)

lgA

Prevents pathogen colonization in mucosal areas (Gut, Respiratory tract, Urogenital tract, saliva, tears, & breast milk)

lgM

Eliminates pathogens in the early stages of B cell-mediated immunity before there is sufficient lgG

Humoral

B cell-mediated immunity

lgE

Protects against parasitic worms, binds to allergens, & triggers histamine release

Basophils & Mast Cells

Triggered by lgE to release histamine

lgD

Functions mainly as an antigen receptor on B cells that have not been exposed to antigens