Tourism and Sport - HL Geo

Geography

TNCs

TNCs

Transnational companies (companies that operate in more than 1 country)

IATA

International Air Transport Association

IDK

Icelandic Krona

Tourism pattern

A measure that tries to assess the tourism activities in the spatial context

Niche Tourism

Tourist locations that are focused on a smaller, specific group. The three types of niche tourism include Adventure Tourism, Movie/Film Tourism, and Cultural Tourism.

Adventure Tourism

A trip that contains at least two of the following three elements, physical activity, natural environment, and cultural immersion.

Movie Location Tourism (Film Tourism)

A branch of cultural tourism and refers to the growing interest and demand for locations which became popular due to their appearance in films and television series.

Cultural/Heritage Tourism

Travelling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and heritage tourism can include cultural, historic and natural resources.

Budget/Low-cost airlines

An airline that is operated with an especially high emphasis on minimizing operating costs and without some of the traditional services and amenities provided in the fare, resulting in lower fares and fewer comforts

Number of bases

The number of "home airports" for that airline.

Load factor (%)

The ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight and represents a global measure of the stress to which the structure of the aircraft is subjected.

Average fare

Average cost of a one-way flight for a passenger on a specific airline.

CO2 emissions (g) passenger/km

The number of CO2 emissions in grams emitted by one passenger per kilometer of the flight.

National development strategy

A national development strategy is a government policy that encourages tourism and that brings benefits to the country. Most countries have tourism development strategies relating to aspects of their economic and social development

Butler model/Tourism life cycle model

A model that maps the number of tourists as time progresses. All countries/tourism destinations can be found at some point on this model; countries that rely heavily on tourism and want to use the industry as a development strategy must work hard to stay at the peak and not fall into decline.

Exploration

Stage 1, where people begin to discover the intrigue and interest in the country/tourist destination.

Involvement

Stage 2, where the country starts developing hotels, restaurants, guided tours, secondary tourism resources to support this increasing demand. Additionally, marketing is also done at this stage.

Maturity

Stage 3, where the country's tourism gains more and more traction, reaching its peak

Stagnation

Stage 4, where the country's tourism begins falling (either due to changing tourism trends, pandemics, costs/safety).

Rejuvenation

An option in stage 5 where the country finds a way to "renew" the tourist destination by improving it (e.g. adding more restaurants and hotels, increased marketing/changing marketing destination, increased funding).

Post-Stagnation

An option in stage 5 where the country bounces back from the falling decline. Does not make many drastic changes.

Residential

An option in stage 5 where stagnation continues and gradually decreases in popularity.

Decline

An option in stage 5 where it takes a sharp turn. Either due to bad decisions made by the country (falling economy), global pandemics, incidents, etc.

MICE

Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions. A type of niche tourism.

Venice of the East End

Past Stratford when it was a suburban area full of lush greenery and waterways.

Tourism carrying capacity

The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitor's satisfaction.

Rural

An open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, not many people.

Sustainable tourism

Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment, and host communities.

Principles of Sustainable Tourism According to the UN

Make optimal use of environmental resources, maintaining essential ecological processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity. Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their heritage and values. Ensure viable, long term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed.

7 key principles of ecotourism

Involves travel to natural destinations, minimizes impact, builds environmental awareness, provides direct financial benefits for conservation, provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people, respects local culture, supports human rights and democratic movements.

Differences in Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism

While sustainable tourism focuses on making sure that there is a balance between environmental, economical, and socio-economic aspects, ecotourism mostly focuses on responsible travel in order to conserve the environment.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education.