Unit 2: The Cell

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and structures related to cell biology.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that are generally smaller and simpler, lacking a nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotic cells

Larger and more complex cells that contain organelles, including a nucleus, found in protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

Plasma membrane

The thin membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell and separates it from its nonliving surroundings.

Nucleus

The organelle that houses most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA and regulates gene expression.

Ribosomes

Tiny structures that synthesize proteins according to the instructions from DNA.

Phospholipid bilayer

A two-layered arrangement of phospholipids that makes up the plasma membrane.

Organelles

Membrane-enclosed structures in eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plants and algae that convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for cellular respiration, found in almost all eukaryotic cells, that produce ATP.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound sacs of digestive enzymes found in animal cells that break down large molecules.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm that provides mechanical support and shape to the cell.

Cell wall

Rigid structure surrounding the plasma membrane in plant cells, composed mainly of cellulose.

Vacuoles

Large membrane-bound sacs that store materials such as water and nutrients in cells.

Cilia

Motile appendages that move in a coordinated manner, aiding in movement and cellular functions.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures that propel cells through their environment.