________- almost always an STD (sexually transmitted disease) except for neonatal cases where the newborn infant is infected as it passes through the birth canal.
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Chemotherapy
________- penicillin or, for those allergic to penicillin, chloramphenicol.
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Carriers
________ harbor the organism in their nasopharynx and pass it to others by droplets.
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vaccine
A(n) ________ made from capsular polysaccharides is available that is effective against most strains.
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Gonococcal infections of the eyes
________ can lead to blindness.
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Neisseria
two members of this genus are of medical importance
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Characteristics
gram-negative diplococci; pathogenic strains are usually encapsulated and are very fastidious, requiring enriched media and growth in an atmosphere rich in CO2
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Fimbriae and capsules
aid in attachment to mucous membranes and resistance to phagocytosis
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LPS (endotoxin)
released from cell envelopes following cell lysis; causes fever, hemorrhage, inflammation, abortion, and toxic shock
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Protease
destroys secretory antibody (Ig A) on the surface of mucous membrane
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Penicillinase
destroys penicillin
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N. gonorrhoeae
almost always an STD (sexually transmitted disease) except for neonatal cases where the newborn infant is infected as it passes through the birth canal
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Immunization
none available at present and infections does not produce lasting immunity, leading to recurrent infections
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Chemotherapy
penicillin has been the drug of choice but penicillinase-producing strains have become more prevalent
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N. meningitidis
cause epidemic meningococcal meningitis
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Immunization
most people are naturally immune, probably due to exposure when young
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Chemotherapy
penicillin or, for those allergic to penicillin, chloramphenicol
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Gram negative cocci tend to be members of ___.
Neisseria
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What two members of the Neisseria genus are of medical importance?
N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis
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What are characterisitics of Neisseria?
gram negative diplococci; pathogenic strains are usually encapsulated and are very fastidious, requiring enriched media and growth in an atomosphere rich in CO2.
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What are virulence factors of Neisseria?
fimbriae and capsules, LPS (endotoxin), protease, and pencillinase
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What is the function of fimbriae and capsules?
aid in attachment to mucous membranes and resistance to phagocytosis
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What is the function of LPS (endotoxin)?
released from cell envelopes following cell lysis; causes fever, hermorrhage, inflammation, abortion, and toxic shock
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What is the function of protease?
destroys secretory antibody (IgA) on the surface of mucous membrane
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What is the function of pencillinase?
destroys penicillin
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N. gonorrhoeae is almost always as STD (sexually transmitted disease) except fot ___.
neonatal cases where the newborn infant is infected as it passes through the birth canal.
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Organisms of N. gonorrhoeae attach to ___ of the urethra, vagina, eyes, throat, etc. and then invade the underlaying ___.
mucous membranes; connective tissue
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In other cases, N. gonorrhoeae can enter the ___ and be spread to the joints, endocardium or meninges.
blood
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When N. gonorrhoeae spread to the joints, it may lead to ___.
form of athritis
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Gonoccal infections of the eyes can lead to ___.
blindness
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All newborn infants are given eyedrops containing ___ or ___ as a preventative measure to prevent ___.
silver nitrate or antibiotics; opthalmia neonatorum
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Are immunizations availble for N. gonorrhoeae?
no
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Infections from N. gonorrhoeae does not produce ___ leading to recurrent infections.
immunity
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What has been the chemotherapy drug of choice for N. gonorrhoeae?
penicillin
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What has been becoming more prevalent in N. gonorrhoeae when using pencillin?
penicillinase-producing strains
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What may require a combination of antibiotics when treating N. gonorrhoeae?
when individual has a chance of multiple STDs (syphilis and chlamydiosis)
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What bacteria can cause epidemic meningococcal meningitis?
N. meningitidis
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Carriers of N. meningitidis harbor the organisms in their ___ and pass it to other by droplets.
nasopharynx
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After an initial bout of pharyngitis, N. meningitidis can enter the blood and migrate to ___ causing a potentially lethal condition.
meninges
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True or False: Most people are naturally immune to N. meningitidis due to exposure when younger.
true
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A vaccine for N. meningitidis is made from ___ is available that is effective against most strains.
capsular polysaccharides
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When is the vaccine for N. meningitidis most likely used?
during epidemics on individuals who may have been exposed to the disease.
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What chemotherapy drugs are used for N. meningitidis?
peniciliin (or chloramphenicol for those allergic to pencillin)
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What drugs are given to prophylactically (prevent) N. meningitidis for those who have come in close contact with someone with the disease?
Studied by 4 people
