industrial rev flashcards- defee

Mercantilism

an economic theory in which a nation’s power depended on the wealth it gained by exporting goods of greater value than it imported, and in which a gain for one nation was a loss for another

Bourgeoisie

the social class whose members owned the means of production and whose main goal was the preservation of capitalism

Imperialism

the practice of gaining direct or indirect control over parts of the world through influence or military force

Scramble for Africa

the competition among European countries to establish colonies in Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Great Stink

in 1858, six feet of human and animal waste had piled up along the banks of the thames. people had to board up their windows to keep from passing out.

Second Opium Wars

britain and france fought over the right to import opium to china. This war left china weak and the peace treaties forced china to open ports and allow citizens of france, britain, russia, and the u.s. to be able to travel freely there.

Taylorism

a system of management that sought to improve workers’ productivity by curbing wasteful movements

Scientific Management

the principles of scientific management wanted to improve the productivity of work by reducing wasteful movements. so its basically taylorism

Karl Marx

father of communism, wrote the communist manifesto, he argued that the struggle between classes was the reason for all historical conflicts, father of marxism: the idea that recognizing class struggle is central to understanding societies

Civilizing Mission

an aspect of imperialism, mostly brought about by the introduction of sports by the french and british, it was supposed to teach values like fair play, teamwork, and competitiveness.

Boxers

members of the society of the righteous and harmonious fists (an anti-foreign secret society in northern china)

Indoor Plumbing

indoor plumbing made homes and cities so much cleaner and improved the standard of living for many people

Britain's Factory Acts

the british gov passed the factory act of 1819, which limited children’s work day to 12 hours, the factory act of 1833 prohibited children under nine from working in textile factories

Capitalism

an economic system in which private individuals and companies own the means of production, and free markets set the value of most goods based on supply and demand

Cottage Industry

entrepreneurs in england found a way to make use of unemployed farm laborers and their families. the entrepreneurs provided the families with raw materials and asked them to produce finished goods in their cottages. the families made many different things, like nails, clothes, hats, lace, etc.

Laissez-faire

government refrain from interfering with the economy and or letting things take their own course

Internal Combustion Engines

this engine generated power by burning fuel, usually petroleum, they started to power cars and machinery in place of steam engines

Malaria

a disease that came from african mosquitos that killed thousands of europeans imperializing africa.

The Fashoda Incident

the british and french wanted to build railroads connecting their colonies, but these proposed railroads intersected in the town of fashoda in sudan where the french had been before the british. war almost broke out but the french withdrew their claims after realizing they were outgunned, and they agreed on a boundry line

Demographic Transition

a reduction in family size in the late 1800s caused by falling birth rates in industrialized nations