Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Overview

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), its clinical significance, and related pathological conditions.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A special fluid that cushions the central nervous system, removes waste, and delivers nutrients.

Hydrocephalus

A condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of CSF, leading to pressure on the brain and potentially causing trauma or infection.

Meninges

The three protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid layer, and pia mater.

Lumbar Puncture

An aseptic procedure used to collect CSF by puncturing the dura mater, typically performed by a physician or anesthesiologist.

Xanthochromic CSF

Abnormal colored CSF, typically yellow, pink, or orange, indicating conditions such as hemorrhage.

Neutrophils

White blood cells primarily associated with bacterial infections, significant in diagnosing meningitis.

Pleocytosis

An increase in the white blood cell count in CSF, which may indicate infection or inflammation.

Total Protein in CSF

The protein level in CSF should be significantly lower than that in blood; an increase may indicate various pathological conditions.

IgG in CSF

Immunoglobulin G present in CSF, often elevated in multiple sclerosis or infection.

Normal CSF Glucose

Typically around 60-70% of blood glucose; decreased levels may indicate meningitis or tumors.

CSF Lactate

Normal values are between 10-22 mg/dL; elevated levels suggest tissue hypoxia or infection.

Oligoclonal Bands

Proteins found in CSF during electrophoresis, their presence is indicative of multiple sclerosis.

Gram Stain

A microbiological test performed on CSF to identify bacterial pathogens.

Traumatic Tap

A complication during lumbar puncture where blood enters the CSF, potentially affecting test results.

Macrophages in CSF

Cells that help clear debris in CSF and may be present in various types of infections.

Culture in Microbiology Testing

A common test for identifying pathogens in CSF, crucial for diagnosing meningitis.