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Covalent Bond
Formed from atoms sharing electrons, molecules
Diatomic elements
elements in nature bonded to themselves
H2
hydrogen
N2
nitrogen
O2
oxygen
F2
flourine
Cl2
chlorine
Br2
bromine
I2
iodine
How do you name covalent compounds (first element)
NEVER USE THE PREFIX MONO!!! Write with the correct prefix
How do you name covalent compounds (second element)
Write with the correct prefix, change ending to ide (you can use mono)
When o-o or a-o, _
first vowel is left out
H20
water
NH3
ammonia
How to write formulas for covalent compounds (first element)
Symbol and subscript based on the prefix (if no prefix = no subscript)
How to write formulas for covalent compounds (second element)
Symbol and subscript based on the prefix (after this dont reduct the subscripts)
Binary Acids
No oxygen (starts with hydro)
Oxyacids
contains oxygen (no hydro, starts with root of anion)
hydro_ic acid
ide
_ous acid
ite (sprite is delicious)
_ic acid
ate (i ate something icky)
How to write formulas for acids (first element)
Look at ending, see what the anion should end in and look on the back of periodic table
How to write formulas for acids (second element)
Add hydrogens to cancel out the charge
Ethane
C2H6
Hydrocarbons
carbon to carbon bond
alkanes
ends w -ane
Monkeys eat peeled bananas
meth eth prop but
Alkenes, Cyclic Hydrocarbons
CnH2n, -ene
Alkynes
CnH2n-2
Alcohols
drop the ane of the parent alkane name and add ending anol (CnH2n+1OH)
Acids
If it starts with H use the naming acids rules
Organic
Starts with C and contains H’s and maybe O’s
Ionic
If it starts with a metal/ammonium it is probably ionic
covalent
if it starts with a nonmetal (other than h/c) use binary rules