L14 The Brain (Imported from Quizlet)

Neocortex, hippocampus, olfactory cortex

What are the 3 types of cerebral cortex? (you must be able to name all 3 of these)

Receives sensory information (receives direct sensory innervation from olfactory bulbs)

What does the olfactory cortex do?

Olfactory cortex

What is the oldest part of the cerebral cortex?

Neocortex

What is the youngest part of the cerebral cortex?

In each temporal lobe

Where is the hippocampus found?

Memory

What is the hippocampus involved in?

3

How many layers does the hippocampus have?

Birth of new neurons in adulthood

The hippocampus is one of the only areas where you can have what?

Gyri, sulci

To distinguish between lobes, you must look for key ______ and _______

Central sulcus

What separates the frontal lobe from parietal lobe?

Lateral sulcus

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

Parieto-occipital sulcus

What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

What are the names of the 4 lobes?

6

How many layers does the neocortex have?

Differs, regions

The exact structure of the layers ______ between ________ of the neocortex

Outermost, cell bodies, dendrites, axons

Molecular layer is ___________ layer nearest Pia mater, it has no ____ ________ but lots of __________ and ________

Smaller neurons and granular neurons

What do you get in the external granular layer?

Pyramidal shape to small neurons

What is found in the external pyramidal layer?

Larger neurons

What do you get in the internal granular layer?

Massive pyramidal bodies

What do you get in the internal pyramidal layer?

Smaller neurons (don't project their axons outside of the CNS)

What do you get in the fusiform layer?

Myelin

What do you think Wiegert-PAL highlights out of the following: neurites, astrocytes, capillaries or myelin?

Cytoarchitecture of the neocortex

Brodmann's cytoarchitectural map, neocortical

This image shows ___________ _____________________ ___ and every different number has a different ____________ structure

Lesions, stimulation

You can map the neocortex using _______ or direct ______________

Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG)

What are the 3 kinds of non-invasive functional imaging you can use to map the cortex?

Primary sensory areas, secondary sensory areas, motor areas and association areas/cortex (rest of cortex)

There are 4 kinds of areas in the neocortex (lateral view), what are they?

Emotion, attention and motivation

What is the limbic lobe associated with?

Cortex of cingulate gyrus, cortex on medial aspect of temporal lobe, hippocampus

What is included in the limbic lobe?

Insula

What is the name of the hidden area of the neocortex?

Sensorimotor processing to emotional regulation

What is the insula's functions range?

Initiation of movement

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

Fear

What is the amygdala involved with?

Connect between hemispheres

What do commissural fibres do in white matter?

Link to non-cortical areas

What do projection fibres do in white matter?

Link areas within a hemisphere

What do association fibres do in white matter?

Corpus callosum

Which of the following is an example of a structure through which a large amount of commissural fibres project: internal capsule, hypothalamus, corpus callosum or lateral ventricle?

Diencephalon

The thalamus is part of the ...?

50

The thalamus has over __ nuclei

A relay station

What does the thalamus act as? (not its only purpose)

Movement

The thalamus is also an important step in the initiation of ______________

Neocortex, projection

The thalamus connects to the __________ via ______________ fibres

11

The hypothalamus has __ major nuclei

Homeostasis

The hypothalamus is massive regulator of ...?