ALL OF HEIMLER'S VIDEOS (APWH) MY COPY

Confucianism

Confucianism

A philosophy emphasizing hierarchical relationships in society and filial piety, revived by the Song Dynasty rulers in East Asia.

Filial piety

The practice of honoring one's ancestors and parents, a key aspect of Confucian teachings in the Song Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism

An ideology in East Asia that blended Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist ideas, influencing the Song Dynasty.

Imperial bureaucracy

A system in the Song Dynasty where positions were awarded based on merit through civil service exams to ensure obedience to the emperor's rule.

Foot binding

A practice in the Song Dynasty where women's feet were bound, restricting movement and symbolizing beauty and social status.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that emphasizes compassion and makes the Buddha an object of devotion, coexisting with Confucianism in Chinese society.

Champa rice

A high-yield crop introduced in the Song Dynasty, leading to a population boom and increased agricultural output in East Asia.

Delhi Sultanate

A Turkic Muslim state established in South Asia, facing resistance from Hindu kingdoms like the Rajputs.

Swahili Civilization

A collection of city-states on Africa's east coast, known for their trade networks and adoption of Islam voluntarily among the elite.

Great Zimbabwe

A state in Southern Africa that prospered through trade, particularly in gold, and built a significant capital city.

Feudalism

A system of allegiances between powerful lords, monarchs, and knights where land is exchanged to maintain loyalty and independence in ruling.

Manorialism

Peasants (serfs) bound to land and working in exchange for protection from the lord and his military forces, distinct from slavery.

Silk Roads

A network of roads facilitating trade and cultural diffusion across Eurasia, mainly exchanging luxury items like Chinese silk.

Pax Mongolica

A period of peace and stability after Mongol conquests, organizing the empire into khanates and adopting cultural norms of the ruled regions.

Indian Ocean Trade Network

A sea route network connecting Afro-Eurasian states through trade, influenced by the collapse of the Mongol Empire and advancements in transportation technologies.

Trans-Saharan Trade Network

Trade routes connecting North Africa with West Africa, facilitated by transportation technologies like camels and caravanserais, trading goods like gold and salt.

Gunpowder Empires

Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and Qing Empires that expanded using gunpowder weapons, leading to significant territorial growth and military advancements.

Qing Dynasty

Established by the Manchu people in the 17th century after taking advantage of the Ming decline, they conducted a 40-year campaign to claim former Ming territories like Taiwan and Mongolia.

Devshirme System

Implemented by the Ottomans, it involved enrolling high-trained individuals, often enslaved Christian boys, into the bureaucracy to create elite soldiers like the Janissaries.

Divine Right of Kings

In Europe, rulers claimed their authority came from God, making opposition to the king seen as opposition to God, reinforcing the ruler's power.

Palace of Versailles

Built for Louis XIV in the 14th century, this huge palace symbolized the consolidation of power as the French nobility were forced to live there part-time.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of diseases, food, plants, and animals between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after Columbus's contact, leading to significant impacts on both regions.

Cash Crops

Agricultural method where crops are grown for export, such as sugar cane in the Caribbean colonies, which relied on coerced laborers for production and export to Europe and the Middle East.

Maritime Empires

Established by European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Dutch, and the British, aiming for economic gains, spreading Christianity, and achieving dominance through trading posts and colonies.

Chattel Slavery

Labor system where individuals are owned as property, often based on race and hereditary, prevalent in the Americas and contributing to the economic structure of colonial societies.

African Slave Trade

The trade of African individuals as slaves, leading to cultural assimilation and the demand for enslaved women in domestic work.

Mercantilism

An economic system focusing on accumulating mineral wealth by maintaining a favorable balance of trade, with exports exceeding imports.

Joint-Stock Companies

Limited liability businesses funded by a group of investors, chartered by the state, and granted trade monopolies in regions.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement applying rationalism and empiricism to understand the natural world and human relationships, leading to new political ideas like individualism and natural rights.

Deism

A belief system popular among Enlightenment thinkers, asserting that a God created the universe but does not intervene in its operation.

Nationalism

A sense of common identity among people based on shared language, religion, and social customs, often linked to a desire for territorial sovereignty.

Social Contract

The idea that societies form governments to protect natural rights, and if a government becomes tyrannical, people have the right to overthrow it.

Abolition of Slavery

The movement to end the practice of slavery, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers' criticism of the institution.

End of Serfdom

The transition from agricultural to industrial economies led to the irrelevance of serfs, prompting state leaders to abolish serfdom.

Women's Suffrage

The demand for voting rights for women, advocated by feminist movements and exemplified by events like the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.

Industrial Revolution

Transition from agrarian economies to industrial economies, characterized by the shift from handcrafted goods to machine-made products.

Enlightenment Principles

Ideas promoting individual rights, freedom, and equality, as reflected in documents like the Declaration of Independence.

French Revolution

Period of political upheaval in France, leading to the establishment of a republic and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Haitian Revolution

Revolt of enslaved Haitians against French colonial rule, resulting in the establishment of the first black-led government in the Americas.

Creole Revolution

Movement in Latin America where Creoles sought independence from Spanish and Portuguese rule, inspired by Enlightenment ideas.

Propaganda Movement (Philippines)

Advocacy for Filipino self-rule against Spanish colonial control, influenced by Enlightenment ideals and education.

Unification of Italy & Germany

Processes where fragmented states in Italy and Germany were unified under single governments through military and diplomatic efforts.

Steam Engine

Invention that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy, revolutionizing industrial production and transportation during the Industrial Revolution.

Bessemer Process

Method for making steel from iron, leading to stronger and cheaper steel production for construction and industrial use.

Transnational Corporations

Companies operating in multiple countries, establishing large operations abroad, such as the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and Unilever Corporation.

Urban Reforms

Government actions and investments in sanitation infrastructure like sewers to address the issues caused by the growing population in urban areas.

Labor Union

A collective of workers joining together to protect their interests, advocating for higher wages, limited working hours, and improved working conditions.

Marxism

Ideology by Karl Marx believing capitalism's instability due to class division, advocating for a classless society through a violent revolution of the lower class against the upper class.

Self-strengthening Movement

Reforms in Qing China aiming at industrialization and revitalizing Chinese culture, hindered by conservative resistance and tested during the Sino-Japanese War.

Tanzimat Reforms

Ottoman reforms including building textile factories, implementing western law codes, and establishing expansive education systems, leading to the emergence of the Young Ottomans seeking political change.

Industrial Working Class

Rural individuals moving to urban areas for work, facing dangerous conditions, crowded living spaces, and health issues, with higher wages but challenges like disease spread.

Scientific Racism

Idea ranking humans based on race, dividing humanity into hierarchies, and emphasizing racial superiority.

Social Darwinism

Theory by Charles Darwin advocating "survival of the fittest," used to justify the superiority of Western industrial societies.

Civilizing Mission

Belief in the duty of Western societies to bring their civilization to "lower" societies through missionary work, education, and governance.

Settler Colonies

Colonies where an imperial power sends its people to inhabit already populated territories, as seen in British colonies like Australia and New Zealand.

Economic Imperialism

The act of one state extending control over another state by economic means.

Opium Wars

Conflicts where Britain forced China to open new trading ports through the export of opium.

Commodity Trade

The exchange of goods like cotton and palm oil on the market.

Causes of Migration

Factors like demographic changes, famine, and technological advancements leading to population movements.

Effects of Migration

Gender imbalance, ethnic enclaves, and nativism resulting from migration.

Nativism

A policy favoring native-born individuals over immigrants due to ethnic or racial prejudice.

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire's transformation from the "Sick Man of Europe" to a state facing internal and external challenges.

Causes of WWI

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Total War

A conflict involving the mobilization of a country's entire population, both military and civilian, to fight.

German Hyperinflation

Economic crisis in Germany post-WWI due to the Treaty of Versailles and debt repayment issues.

Self-determination

The principle that states should have the right to govern themselves.

Mandate system

Territories administered by the League of Nations, classified into Class A, B, and C based on population and development.

Anti-colonial resistance

Resistance movements against colonial powers, such as in India and Africa.

Pan-Africanism

Movement advocating for the equality and unity of all black people worldwide.

Fascism

Political philosophy characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarian leadership, and materialistic goals.

Blitzkrieg

A military strategy emphasizing speed and surprise attacks, notably used by Germany in WWII.

Atomic Bomb

A weapon developed during WWII that can cause mass destruction by destabilizing particles on the atomic level.

Cold War

State of hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States characterized by ideological struggle.

Iron Curtain

Term describing the political division between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. policy to contain the spread of communism, especially in Greece and Turkey.

Berlin Airlift

Allies flew supplies into their Berlin zones until the Soviets lifted the blockade.

Germany Division

Split into the Federal Republic of Germany (Western) and the German Democratic Republic (Eastern) after the blockade.

East-West Germany Migration

East Germans fled to Western Germany for a democratic lifestyle, impacting the communist economy and reputation.

Berlin Wall

Wall built by the German Democratic Republic to prevent population escape from 1961-1989.

NATO

Western nations signed a treaty in April 1949 for mutual support and cooperation against conflicts - North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Warsaw Pact

Communist bloc alliance led by Moscow, combining armed forces.

SEATO

Formed by Australia, France, Great Britain, and others to stop communism in Southeast Asia - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

CENTO

Anti-Soviet treaty organization formed by Iran, Great Britain, and others to stop communism in the Middle East - Central Treaty Organization.

Proxy Wars

Conflicts during the Cold War where smaller countries' armies acted as stand-ins for the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.

Korean War

Conflict between North and South Korea, involving UN support for South Korea and Soviet support for North Korea.

Women's Voting Rights in India and Pakistan

Women in both India and Pakistan had the right to vote.

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

First Female Prime Minister:Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first female prime minister in Ceylon/Sri Lanka in 1960.

Indira Gandhi's Economic Reforms

Indira Gandhi, after becoming India's prime minister, implemented economic reforms that strengthened India's economy.

Benazir Bhutto

First Female Leader in a Muslim State:Benazir Bhutto was the first elected female leader in a Muslim state, serving as Pakistan's prime minister from 1988-1990.

Julius Nyerere and Tanzania's Modernization

Julius Nyerere, the first president of Tanzania, focused on social ideas and campaigns for development in education and farming.

Emigration Patterns

Refugees from Southeast Asia emigrated to Britain, Vietnamese to France, and Filipinos to the United States for job opportunities.

Global Resistance Movements

Mohandas Gandhi led nonviolent resistance in India, Martin Luther King Jr. in the U.S., and Nelson Mandela in South Africa against established power structures.

Challenges to Soviet Power

Wladyslaw Gomulka in Poland and Imre Nagy in Hungary challenged Soviet domination, facing interventions and invasions.

Year of Revolt (1968)

Various revolts occurred globally, including protests in Yugoslavia, Poland, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, and France.

Age of Terrorism

Various terrorist groups like the IRA, Shining Path, and Al-Qaeda emerged, leading to acts of terrorism worldwide, including the 9/11 attacks in the U.S.