CPR

what is the adult chain of survival?

1. call 911 and early recognition

2. early intervention w CPR

3. early intervention w AED

4. rapid transfer to hospital

5. post-cardiac care

what does ROSC stand for?

Return of spontaneous circulation

what is cardiac arrest?

when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs

what are the steps of adult CPR?

1. Assess the scene for safety

2. assess for responsiveness in the victim

3. activate the emergency response system

4. check for pulse and breathing

5. give compressions

6. give breaths

7. repeat the cycle of compressions and breathing

how do you check for responsiveness in an adult?

firmly tap their shoulders and shout

what is the rate of compressions?

100-120 per minute

what is the depth of compressions for an adult?

2.4 in or 6 cm

what is one cycle of compressions and breaths?

30 compressions and 2 breaths

ideally, what should the victim be laying on?

a hard flat surface, lying face up

what does CAB stand for?

circulation, airway, breathing

how do you position yourself for adult CPR?

the heel of the hand and other hand over it, lace fingers, get on your knees, compress in middle of the chest (on the midline)

what is the EC clamp technique?

technique for holding mask in place while lifting victims jaw to hold their airway open (hand position in EC around mask)

what is the head tilt, chin lift?

apply pressure to forehead and lift up chin (this should prevent the tongue from obstructing airway)

how long should each breath be?

1 sec

what should you do when giving breaths?

watch for chest rise

what should you do if there is no chest rise when giving breaths?

re-do head tilt, chin lift and try breaths again

what are the steps to using an AED?

1. turn it on

2. attach pads to bear chest

3. plug cord into AED

4. clear everybody from touching the victim

5. if shock advised, clear the body and press "shock" button

where do you place the AED pads on an adult?

one under right collar bone and one on the left side under nipple

how old does the victim need to be to use adult pads?

eight or older, if not sure then use the adult pads

what should you do with hairy chest when trying to give CPR?

shave chest quickly, if no razor, use the pads to wax the chest

what are special exceptions for using AED pads?

remove medicine patches if they are in the way, wipe down chest if covered with water, don't put pads on top of implanted devices

In 2 rescuer adult CPR, when should they rescuers switch positions?

about every 5 cycles or when the machine re-analyzes

when should you stop CPR?

when help arrives, victim achieves ROSC, until you physically cannot, if scene becomes unsafe

why do most children need CPR?

respiratory problem (choking, allergic reaction etc.)

what is the pediatric chain of survival?

1. prevention

2. early high-quality CPR

3. alert EMS (call 911 and get AED)

4. advanced life support

5. post cardiac care

what is different about the steps of witnessed and alone pediatric CPR?

start 5 cycles of CPR before activating EMS

what defines a child in terms of CPR?

anyone from age 1 to puberty (air on side of adult if not sure)

what is different about two person child CPR?

15 compressions and 2 breaths

what are signs a child might not be breathing properly?

1.

a. witnessed: check responsiveness, if no responsiveness or breathing/is gasping, call 911 and get AED

b. unwitnessed: check breathing and pulse, then 2 minutes of compressions and breathing before activating EMS

if no pulse or pulse is less t

2. if no pulse or pulse is less than 60bpm, then start CPR

how do you check the pulse of an infant?

brachial pulse (move fingers around bicep tendon to find)

how do you do infant CPR ?

single rescuer: two fingers, right in the center of breastbone/in-between nipples - 30:2 compression to breathing rate

two-rescuer: use tips of thumbs (encircling hands technique) - 15:2 compression to breathing rate

what is the depth for infant CPR?

1.5 inches

how do you check the responsiveness of an infant?

tap the bottom of the victims foot

how should you do the head tilt, chin lift for an infant?

tip head to neutral position

where do you place the AED chest pads for an infant?

one on the chest and one on the back (use child pads if available)

Adult Rescue Breaths - how often are the needed?

one breath every 5 to 6 seconds

*every 2 minutes, recheck CAB

Infant Rescue Breaths - how often are the needed?

one breath every 3 to 5 seconds

*every 2 minutes, recheck CAB

how many thrusts do you give to someone who is choking?

until they can breathe on their own, until object comes out, or until they go unconscious

what is the hand positioning for giving the heimlich?

make a fist with one hand, place thumb knuckle into the bellybutton, put other fist above the fist, wrap the other hand around top hand

how do you thrust when giving the heimlich?

thrust up and in

pregnant or overweight - choking

give chest thrusts

what is the difference when giving CPR after the victim has passed out from choking?

before giving breaths, check if you can see the object, if you can easily get it then do so, NEVER BLIND FINGER SWIPE

what are the steps of infant choking?

1. scene safety

2. sit on surface or kneel

3. support head, lay child down on your forearm and rest them on your leg

3. give 5 back blows

4. sandwich them between your arms and flip them over (angled downward)

5. give 5 infant CPR compressions

6. keep going until pass out, they can breathe independently, or the object came out

should you give heimlich if the victim is choking, can talk, or make noise

No

what is the first thing you need to do before giving someone the heimlich?

ask them if you can help

How does the AHA define an infant?

Less than 1 year old

What do you do for an unresponsive infant who is not breathing but has a pulse?

Give rescue breaths: 1 breath every 2–3 seconds

What hand technique is used for single-rescuer infant CPR?

Two fingers- index and middle finger in the center of the chest

What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for 1-rescuer infant CPR?

30 compressions to 2 breaths

What is the correct compression depth for child CPR?

At least one-third the depth of the chest (~2 inches)

What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR?

15 compressions to 2 breaths

What is the correct chest compression rate for children?

100–120 compressions per minute

How do you treat a conscious choking infant?

5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts

Where are abdominal thrusts delivered on a conscious child?

Just above the navel

What should you do if an infant becomes unresponsive while choking?

Begin CPR and check the mouth before giving breaths

What CPR ratio is used for a pulseless 3-year-old?

30:2 for 1 rescuer; 15:2 for 2 rescuers

An unresponsive 10-month-old infant is not breathing but has a pulse of 70/min. What is the correct action?

Give 1 breath every 2–3 seconds

A 7-year-old collapses and is unresponsive. You do not feel a pulse within 10 seconds. What should you do next?

Begin chest compressions

During 1-rescuer child CPR, what is the compression-to-ventilation ratio?

30:2

You are performing infant CPR and the chest is not rising with breaths. What should you do FIRST?

Reposition the head and try again

A conscious 2-year-old is choking and cannot cough, cry, or speak. What is the correct intervention?

Abdominal thrusts

A choking infant becomes unresponsive. You begin CPR. When should you look for the object?

Before giving breaths

What action is NEVER recommended for a choking infant?

Blind finger sweep

What compression depth is correct for both infants and children?

One-third chest depth

Chest compression rate for infants and children should be

100–120/min

A 9-month-old infant is unresponsive, not breathing, and has a pulse of 50/min. What should you do?

Begin chest compressions