RPH na nanghahardfck

Cavite Mutiny

January 20, 1872

Rafael de Izquierdo

Spanish Governor-General (1871–1873)

GOMBURZA

Executed February 17, 1872

José Montero y Vidal

Spanish historian

Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

Filipino historian

Tributo

Pre-1884 Spanish tax system

Cedula

Introduced 1884

Polo y Servicios

Forced labor system (16th–19th century)

Falla

Exemption payment for Polo y Servicios

Cry of Rebellion phrase

Institutionalized by Manuel Sastron

Cry of Montalban

what happened on April 1895

Emilio Aguinaldo

Commissioned "Himno de Balintawak"

3 September 1911

Monument to Heroes of 1896

Pedro Gagelonia

Historian (1970)

Site of First Armed Encounter

Sitio Banlat

Cartographic Issues

Pugad Lawin not on historical maps

Biyak-na-Bato Constitution

what constitution Dated revolution to 24 August 1896

Emilio Aguinaldo memoirs

Confirms key 24 August 1896 meeting

1903 Tondo Monument

Inscribed with date 24 August 1896

1983 Pugad Lawin Committee

Formed by Mayor Adelina Rodriguez

Dap-dap Tree at Site

Not mentioned by Valenzuela, Agoncillo, or Zaide

Toponym Controversy

“Pugad Lawin” called a historical imposition

Proper Commemoration Date

24 August 1896

22 Aug 1896

when did Bonifacio wrote letter summoning Katipuneros to meeting on 24 Aug

23 Aug 1896

Claimed date of Cry of Pugad Lawin (cedula tearing) by Valenzuela

24 Aug 1896

Meeting at Balintawak

29 Aug 1896

Scheduled attack on Manila according to Bonifacio's letter

1903

First Cry monument built in Tondo (date inscribed: 24 Aug 1896)

1940

when did PHC identifies Pugad Lawin as part of Banlat, Kalookan

1962

when did Agoncillo and UP Student Council install marker at Pugad Lawin

1963

when did Pres. Macapagal renames Cry of Balintawak to Cry of Pugad Lawin

1964

when did the NHI refer to site as Tandang Sora's house

29 Nov 1968

Original Balintawak monument moved to UP Diliman

1983

when did QC Mayor Rodriguez forms Pugad Lawin Historical Committee

23 Aug 1984

NHI installs new marker at Seminary Road, Bahay Toro

1996

when was the suggested actual centennial date of Cry of Balintawak (24 Aug)

Andres Bonifacio

Supremo of Katipunan

Pio Valenzuela

Pushed for Pugad Lawin narrative (23 Aug 1896)

Teodoro Agoncillo

Historian

Melchora Aquino

"Tandang Sora"

Juan Ramos

Son of Tandang Sora

Guillermo Masangkay

Supported Balintawak site

John N. Schumacher, SJ

Criticized Valenzuela's testimony as self-serving

Pres. Diosdado Macapagal

Declared 23 Aug as official Cry date in 1963

Mayor Adelina Rodriguez

who Created 1983 committee to validate Cry location

Emilio Aguinaldo

who Used Bonifacio's letters to support 24 Aug as Cry date

Baldomero Aguinaldo

Head of Magdalo

Domingo Orcullo

Magdalo council member present at 24 Aug meeting

Teodoro Plata

Participated in Katipunan meeting before the Cry

Gregorio Zaide

who Pointed out the unclear historical record of Pugad Lawin

Sofronio Calderon

Could not find Pugad Lawin in any official records

Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora

3 priests