Civil Rights Movement and Apartheid

Flashcards covering key events, legislation, and figures from the Civil Rights Movement in the USA and apartheid in South Africa.

What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954?

School segregation was declared unconstitutional.

What event sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956?

The arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her bus seat.

Which act eliminated literacy tests and led to a significant increase in Black voter registration by 1965?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965.

What were Jim Crow laws?

Laws that enforced segregation in public spaces.

What organization led legal challenges to segregation during the Civil Rights Movement?

The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).

What was the purpose of Freedom Rides in 1961?

To test interstate travel desegregation.

What was the significance of the Little Rock Crisis in 1957?

It was a pivotal moment where Black students faced violent resistance, prompting federal troops' intervention.

What major legislation was passed in 1964 to combat discrimination?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964.

What campaign aimed at increasing voter registration in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement?

Freedom Summer in 1964.

Who was the primary leader of the ANC and a principal defendant in the Rivonia Trial?

Nelson Mandela.

What event involved the police killing 69 unarmed protesters in 1960 during the anti-apartheid movement?

The Sharpeville Massacre.

What was the aim of the Defiance Campaign in 1952?

To protest against apartheid laws through peaceful means.

What was the 'Group Areas Act' of 1950 in apartheid South Africa?

It designated specific areas for different racial groups, ensuring white dominance.

What was the significance of the Freedom Charter in 1955?

It unified anti-apartheid groups around a common vision for a democratic South Africa.

What did the Pass Laws Act of 1952 require from non-white South Africans?

It required them to carry identification books at all times.