antibiotics examples

B lactams

penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems

Penicillin

ends in -cillin 1. G+: methicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, flucloxacillin) 2. G-: piperacillin and temocillin 3. Broad: amoxicillin, ampicillin, and mezlocillin

Cephalosporins

have a prefix ceph- or cef-

Monobactams

aztreonma

Carbapenems

imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem

Glycopeptides

vancomycin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, telavancin

Polypeptides

bacitracin

Acid-fast drugs (cell wall)

tuberculosis: isoniazid, ethambutol, cycloserine

Polypeptides

polymixin B/E (colistin)

Ionophores

gramicidin

Bacteriocins

nisin

Acid-fast drugs (cell membrane)

tuberculosis: pyrazinamide

Oxazolidinones

linezolid, tedizolid

Aminoglycosides

end in -mycin or -micin (except for Amikacin)

Tetracyclines

end in -cycline

Macrolides

end in -mycin or -micin

Lincosamides

clindamycin and lincomycin

Streptogramin

dalfopristin and quinupristin

Quinolones

end in -floxacin

Nitrofurans

have fur in the name (nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, furazolidone)

Nitroimidazoles

benznidazole, metronidazole, tinidazole

Acid-fast drugs (nucleic acid)

clofazimine (leprosy and M. avium) and Rifamycin

Antifolates

sulfonamides and trimethoprim

Sulfonamides

start with sulfa-

Acid-fast drugs (metabolite)

dapsone (leprosy) and bedaquiline (tuberculosis)