ID's 7.2 and 7.3

Feudalism

Feudalism

A loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord.

Vassals

in medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord

Feudal Contract

exchange of pledges between lords and vassals

Fief

in medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty

Knight

a European noble who served as a mounted warrior

Tournament

a mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to display their fighting skills

Castles

These grew over time on important manors. It was home to an important lord. It had significant defenses and served a military purpose as a base for the defense of the surrounding lands.

Noblewoman

While her husband or father was off fighting, the “lady of the manor” took over his duties. She supervised vassals, managed the household, and performed necessary agricultural and medical tasks. Sometimes she might even have to go to war to defend her estate.

Eleanor of Aquitaine

(1122–1204), was an heiress to the dukedom of Aquitaine.

• At age 15, she married the French royal heir, Louis VI, and became queen of France.

• she influenced her husband and went with him on the Second Crusade.

• Her second marriage was to Henry Plantagenet, who became Henry II of England in 1154

• While caring for five sons and three daughters, she actively helped administer England, managed her own domains—making the court at Poitiers a model of courtly life

• She remained politically active into her 80s.

Chivalry

code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages

Troubadour

a wandering poet or singer of medieval Europe

Manor

during the Middle Ages in Europe, a lord's estate that included one or more villages and the surrounding lands

Manor System

economic system during the Middle Ages in Europe that was built around large estates, which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands

Serfs

in medieval Europe, a peasant bound to the lord's land

What were the mutual obligations of lords and peasants?

the lord had legal and economic power over the peasants. They administered justice and provided land and protection.

• In return, peasants owed their lord labor and goods

And they got these things from the lord:

• the right to farm a certain amount of land for themselves.

• they were guaranteed food, housing, and land

How was a medieval manor a self-sufficient world?

peasants produced almost everything they needed:

• Food

• Clothing

• Furniture

• Tools

• most peasants never ventured more than a few miles from their village. They had no schooling and no knowledge of a larger world outside.

What was peasant life like on a manor?

• Harsh!  Men, women, and children worked long hours, from sunup mostly farming.

• They ate a simple diet of black bread with vegetables such as cabbage, turnips, or onions.

• They seldom had meat - both farmed meat and wild game were for the lords.

• If they lived near a river, peasants might add fish to their diet.

• At night, the family and their livestock—cows, chickens, pigs, or sheep—slept together in their hut.

Sacrament

sacred ritual of the Roman Catholic Church

What was the role of the village church & why was it important to people’s lives?

• It was a social center & a place of worship.  It was the largest building in a village.  Over time the size would increase with the size of the community. (Cathedrals)

• Important events such as: holiday celebrations (Easter and other holy days dedicated to important saints.)  And, life events & sacraments such as Baptism & Marriage

• Some churches housed relics, or the possessions or remains of saints and other holy figures.

• During the Middle Ages, many people made pilgrimages, or journeys to a sacred place, to pray or touch the relics.

What role did women have in the Medieval Church?

Church teachings said that women were equal to men under God and Saint Mary, the mother of Jesus, was a major focus as a positive female figure of purity and motherhood in Church teachings in the middle ages.

• The Church set a minimum age for marriage & punished some men who abused their wives

But, despite these ideas: women were not treated equally.

• Women were labeled as weak & sinful

• Women were labeled as “in need of control by men.”

• The Church upheld a double standard, punishing women more harshly than men for similar offenses.

Benedictine Rule

rules drawn up in 530 by Benedict, a monk, regulating monastic life. The Rule emphasizes obedience, poverty, and chastity and divides the day into periods of worship, work, and study

What was life like in a monastary?

• Monasteries and convents provided basic social services such as education and medicine.

• Monks and nuns looked after the poor and sick and set up schools for children.

• Travelers, especially Christian pilgrims traveling to holy shrines, could find food and a night's lodging at many monasteries and convents.

• Some monks and nuns worked in the outside world as missionaries. (St Patrick - Ireland, St Augustine - England)

Secular

having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters; nonreligious

Papal Supremacy

the claim of medieval popes that they had authority over all secular rulers.

Cannon Law

body of laws of a church

Excommunication

exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church law

Interdict

in the Roman Catholic Church, excommunication of an entire region, town, or kingdom

What is the legacy of Judeo-Christian teachings?

Over time, ideas from Christianity and Judaism, along with ancient Greek and Roman ideas about law and government develop into these common ideas in a lot of countries around the world today:

• Tyranny is not ok: (human rights, liberties and equality)

• People are represented: (republicanism)

• People get to vote:  (democracy)

• People have rights: (free choice)

• and responsibilities: (to help others)