APUSH Unit 1-2 study guide

Gold, God, and Glory

The three motives of European exploration in the late 1400s.

Roman Catholic Christianity

The main religion in Europe, specifically France, England, and Spain.

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther’s action causing the Roman Catholic Church to split into Protestant christianity and Catholicism.

To convert Native American people and “civilize them” and having religious reasons for colonization.

Why did European people bring religion to the new world?

Puritans

English protestant christians who wanted to fix and purify the anglican church because they believed it needed reform

Pilgims or Seperatists

People who branched off of the Puritans, but believed the Anglican Church was beyond repair.

Massachusetts bay colony

inhabited by puritans wanted to be purely puritan.

Plymouth colony

inhabited by pilgrims

Quakers

A protestant group who wanted to practice freely in the new world, not worried about fixing or changing a particular religion

Pennsylvania

Inhabited by Quakers and other religions since it was religiously tolerant.

Anglican Church

The English church, which was protestant.

The formation of the anglican church

When King Henry VII Broke off the roman catholic church

They refused to belong to the Anglican Church.

Why did seperatists/ pilgrims face persecution?

Roman Catholic Christianity

Which branch of Christianity did Spain, Portugal, and France bring to the New World?

Roman Catholic

The Church of England (Anglican Church) was created when King Henry VIII broke away from which church?

The Anglican Church

Puritans wanted to "purify" which church?

The voyage on the mayflower in 1620, establishing Plymouth colony.

Separatists are best known for which famous voyage to the New World?

Escape religious persecution and form a truly puritan colony

Puritans came to the New World mainly to:

Encomienda system

A system forced on indigenous peoples to do labor for European colonizers and forced Roman Catholicism from rulers.

Culture suppression

the intentional or systemic reduction, eradication, or discouragement of the cultural practices, beliefs, or identity of indigenous peoples, often by European colonizers.

The European governments wanted to regain religious power due to the state of distress in religious areas because of the split of the Roman Catholic Church.

Why the europeans decided to travel to the new world.

The purpose of Puritans

reform the anglican church

The purpose of separatists / pilgrims

leave the anglican church

French Colonizers

European settlers in North America who focused on fur trade, formed alliances with Indigenous peoples, and often intermarried; relied on cooperation rather than conquest.

Indigenous Alliances with French

Many Native American tribes allied with the French for trade and military support, especially against rival tribes and British colonists.

French Jesuits

Catholic missionaries who attempted to convert Indigenous peoples but often did so more cooperatively than the Spanish; sometimes learned Indigenous languages.

Difference from Spanish Colonizers

French focused on trade and alliances, while Spanish used missions and forced labor to convert Indigenous peoples.

Difference from English Colonizers

French maintained alliances and cooperation, while English colonists often displaced or assimilated Indigenous peoples, using religion as part of cultural dominance.

Rhode Island & Pennsylvania

Both colonies were founded with religious tolerance in mind. Rhode Island (founded by Roger Williams) welcomed all religions and separated church from government, while Pennsylvania (founded by William Penn) provided a safe haven for Quakers and other Christians. Both promoted freedom of worship and diversity compared to stricter colonies like Massachusetts Bay.

New Jersey

Founded with a focus on religious tolerance, allowing various Christian groups to settle and worship freely.

New Hampshire:

Primarily settled by Puritans from Massachusetts, with a strict Protestant focus and little tolerance for other religions.

The difference between New Jersey and New Hampshire

New Jersey promoted diversity, while New Hampshire maintained religious uniformity.