Virginia State Board CNA Test

Acute Illness

Sudden illness from which a person is expected to recover

Chronic Illness

Ongoing illness, slow or gradual in onset, has no known cure, can be controlled and complication prevented with proper treatment

Terminal Illness

Illness or injury from which a person will not likely recover

Assisted Living Facilities

The Activities usually done during a normal day in a persons life

Hospice

Health care agency or program for persons who are dying

Director of Nursing

Nurse who supervises the care of all the patients at a health care facility

Medicare

Federal health insurance for people who are 65 or older, and certain people with disabilities

Medicaid

Health care program that assists low income families or individuals in paying for long term me3dicals and custodial care cost

Confidentiality

Trusting others with personal and private information

Accountability

The fact or condiction of being responsible

Delegate

To authorize another person to perform a nursing task in a certain situation

Ethics

Knowledge of what is right conduct and wrong conduct

Professional Boundaries

That which separates helpful behavior from behaviors that are not helpful

False Imprisonment

Unlawful restraint or restriction of a persons freedom of movement

Abuse

The willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment that results in physical harm

Assault

Intentionally attempting or threatening to touch a persons body without the persons consent

Battery

Touching a persons body without his or her consent

Malpractice

Negligence by a professional person

Negligence

An unintentional wrong in which a person did not act in a reasonable and careful manner and a persons property was harmed

Communication

The exchange of information

Medical Record

The legal account of a persons info found in the medical record

Kardex

The type of card file that summarizes info about specific clients

Anterior

At or toward the front of the body or body part

Posterior

At or toward the back of the body or body part

Medial

At or near the middle or mid line of the body part

Lateral

Away from the mid line; at the side of the body or body part

Proximal

The part nearest to the center or to the point of attachment

dys-

Bad, difficult, abnormal

oilg-

small, scant

tachy-

fast, rapid

athr/o

joint

cyan/o

blue

oste/o

bone

algia

pain

algia

pain

phagia

to eat or consume; swallowing

phasia

speaking

ostomy

creation of an opening

ADL

activities of daily living

AMD

ambulate/walking

NPO

nothing by mouth

PRN

when necessary; as needed

Nursing Process

Method nurses use to plan and deliver nursing care

Nursing Care Plan

Written guide about the persons nursing care

Objective Data

Info that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by the observer

Subjective Data

Things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses

Microorganism

Small living thing seen only with a microscrope

Pathogen

A microbe that is harmful and can cause an infection

Local infection

Infection in a body part

Systemic Infection

infection that involves the whole body

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination

Hematuria

Blood in the urine

Nocturia

Frequent urination at night

Oliguria

Scant amount of urine

Polyuria

Abnormally large amount of urine

Urinary incontinence

Involuntary loss or leakage of urine

Urinary retention

Inability to void

Catheter

A tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening

Mictrurition

Process of emptying urine from bladder

Colostomy

Surgically created opening between the colon and bodys surface

Ileostomy

Surgically created opening between the ileum and the body surface

Constipation

The passing of dry hard stool

Fecal impaction

prolonged retention and buildup of feces and gas through the anus

Peristalsis

Involuntary muscle contractions in the digestive system that move food down

Clear liquid Diet

Must eat food in a liquid form or that melt at body temp

Dysphagia diet

Thicken liquid

Edema

Swelling of body tissues with water

Aspiration

Breathing fluids, foods, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

Hemiplegia

Paralysis on one side of the body

Paraplegia

Paralysis in the legs, lower trunk, and pelvic organs

Quadriplegia

Paralysis in the arms, legs, lower trunk, and pelvic organs

FBAO

Foreign bodies can obstruct the airway

Supine Position

Backlying or dorsal recumbent position

Body Mechanics

Using the body in an efficient and careful way

Fowlers Position

A semi position; the ahead of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees

Sims Position

A left lying position in which the upper leg is sharply flexed so is not on the lower leg and the lower arm is behind the person

Shearing

When skin sticks to a surface while muscles slide in one direction when the body is moving

Logrolling

Turinng the person as a unit, in alignment, with one motion

Assist Device

Used to move clients in bed

Dangling

Sit on the side of the bed with legs haning

Ball and socket joint

Allows turning from side to side

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord to protect the central nervous system

Tympanic Membrane

Separates the external and middle ear

Hemoglobin

A substance in RBC's that carry oxygen and gives blood its red color

White blood cells

also knows as leukocytes, have no color, protect the body against infection

Platelets

Needed fro blood clotting, formed in the bone marrow

Systole

Heart contracts in the working phase

Diastole

Heart in the resting phase; when the chambers fill with blood

Alveoli

Supplied by capillaries, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the alveoli and the capillaries

Capillary

very tiny blood vessels, food, oxygen, and other substances pass from capillaries into the cells

Artery

Carry blood away from the heart

vein

return blood to the heart

Contracture

the lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of the muscle

Atrophy

Shrinking, decrease in size or wasting away of tissue

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the mid line of the body

foot drop

when the foot falls down at the ankle

Anaphylaxis

A life threatening sensitivity to an antigen

Hirutism

Excessive body hair

Pediculosis

Lice

Vital Signs

Temp, pulse, respiration, blood pressure