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Political Era (1830-1900)
A period in American policing where police were closely tied to local politicians and lacked job security.
Professional Era (1900-1960)
Defined policing as a profession, establishing standards and training while eliminating political influence.
Golden Age of Policing
A myth suggesting a time when police-community relations were ideal and intimate, which recent studies dispute.
Intelligence-led Era (1960-2014)
Characterized by the development of police strategies such as data-driven and community policing.
Broken Window Theory
The concept that urban disorder leads to serious crimes, advocating for the maintenance of public order.
Procedural Justice Policing
The principle that fair treatment by police fosters positive perceptions and cooperation from the community.
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment (KCPPE)
A study that found car patrol was not more effective than foot patrol in preventing crime.
Community Policing (COP)
A strategy focusing on building partnerships between police and neighborhood residents to reduce crime.
National Police Crisis (2014-2016)
A period marked by a series of high-profile police incidents involving African Americans that strained community relations.
Civil Rights Movements
Social movements in the 1960s that challenged police power and practices, leading to significant reforms.
