role of enzymes

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

Active site

Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds

Substrate

Molecule that an enzyme acts on

Enzyme–substrate complex

Temporary complex formed when substrate binds to active site

Denaturation

Loss of enzyme shape so substrate no longer fits active site

Optimum temperature

Temperature at which an enzyme works fastest

Optimum pH

pH at which an enzyme works fastest

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up reactions without being used up

What happens to enzyme activity when temperature increases (before optimum)?

Activity increases because particles have more kinetic energy

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

They denature

Why does denaturation stop enzyme activity?

Active site changes shape so substrate no longer fits

What happens to enzyme activity at low temperatures?

Reactions are slow due to low kinetic energy

What forms when a substrate binds to an enzyme?

Enzyme–substrate complex

What is the effect of pH on enzymes?

Extreme pH changes denature enzymes

Why are enzymes specific?

Active site shape is complementary to one substrate

What is the optimum temperature for most human enzymes?

Around 37°C

What happens to enzyme activity after the optimum temperature?

It rapidly decreases due to denaturation

What happens to enzyme activity if pH moves away from optimum?

Activity decreases

Why are enzymes important in living organisms?

They allow reactions to occur fast enough to sustain life

What type of molecule are enzymes?

Proteins